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Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an example of a professional service robot?

A

B. Fire-fighting robot

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2
Q

Who formulated the Three Laws of Robotics?

A

Isaac Asimov

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3
Q

According to Asimov’s First Law of Robotics, what is the most important rule?

A

A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm

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4
Q

What role does the concept of change play in Plato’s philosophy, and how does it contrast with Aristotle’s view on the nature of reality?

A

Plato sees change as a sign of imperfection in the material world, contrasting with the unchanging world of forms. Aristotle, however, views change as a natural process inherent, where potentiality becomes actuality.

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5
Q

According to Aristotle, what is the ultimate goal that every human being aspires to achieve?

A

Happiness or Human flourishing

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6
Q

According to John Stuart Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principle, what determines the ethicality of an action?

A

Determined by whether it maximizes happiness for the greatest number of people.

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7
Q

How does Mill’s principle apply to the evaluation of actions like mining?

A

Mining is ethical if it maximizes overall happiness by providing more benefits (e.g., economic growth) than harms (e.g., environmental damage). If the harms outweigh the benefits, it is unethical.

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8
Q

Which of the following statements best describes how technology has evolved over time?

A

Technology has evolved from being primarily associated with the arts to encompassing a wide range of tools, machines, and devices that play crucial roles in society, making life more convenient and efficient.

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9
Q

According to Kantar Media, what percentage of urban homes in the Philippines own at least one television set?

A

92%

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10
Q

Who is credited with the invention of the first working television system using a cathode ray tube?

A

Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton (an English scientist) and Boris Rosing (a Russian scientist).

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11
Q

Who made the world’s first mobile phone call in 1973?

A

Martin Cooper

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12
Q

What was the name of the first commercially available mobile phone released in 1983?

A

Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

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13
Q

Which Filipino scientist was recognized for his research in communications technology?

A

Gregory Ligot Tangonan

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14
Q

Which of the following challenges hinders the growth of science and technology in the Philippines?

A

Superstitious beliefs and the Catholic doctrines

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15
Q

What is a key benefit of science and technology parks in the Philippines?

A

Academia and industries

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16
Q

Which law supports the procurement of research equipment for government agencies?

A

RA 9184 – Government Procurement Reform Act

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17
Q

What is the Philippine-California Advanced Research Institutes (PICARI) Project designed to do?

A

Allow several higher education institutions in the Philippines and strengthen the STEM competitiveness of the country.

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18
Q

Which Indian mathematician introduced trigonometric functions and algebra techniques?

A

Aryabhatiya

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19
Q

What African artifact is considered the oldest known mathematical tool?

A

Lebombo Bone

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20
Q

Which ancient civilization is known for its advanced irrigation systems and stone buildings?

A

Inca Civilization

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21
Q

Which ancient region was regarded as the ‘cradle of alchemy’?

A

Egypt

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22
Q

What did Middle Eastern scholar Ibn al-Haytham contribute to science?

A

Optics and empirical proof of the intromission theory of light.

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23
Q

What Middle Eastern physician pioneered clinical trials?

A

Ibn Sina

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24
Q

What distinguishes science as an intellectual activity?

A

Distinguished by its systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world.

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25
How did the invention of the printing press contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
Widespread dissemination of scientific ideas and knowledge
26
Why was Freud considered a non-traditional thinker?
His method of psychoanalysis was proven to be effective in understanding some neurological conditions that were not understood by medicine at that time.
27
Which of the following was an obstacle to Chinese advancements turning into modern science?
Religious and philosophical framework of Chinese intellectuals
28
What made the Scientific Revolution significant for human development?
Transformed society's understanding of nature
29
The K to 12 STEM track in the Philippine education system aims to:
Encourage more students to enroll in science-related fields in college.
30
What is the main focus of science education?
B. Teaching, learning, and understanding science
31
According to John Dewey, what is essential in teaching science?
Natural environment
32
What is one of the major justifications for science education?
Prepares citizens In a scientifically and technologically driven world
33
What is the goal of the Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)?
Offer a free scholarship-based secondary education with a special emphasis on science and mathematics
34
What is the Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project intended for?
Develop Filipino children equipped with scientific and technological knowledge, skills, and values
35
What is indigenous knowledge?
System of knowledge, practices, and beliefs developed by local communities over generations through their interactions with the natural environment.
36
Which of the following is an example of indigenous knowledge?
Predicting weather and seasons by observing animal behavior and celestial bodies.
37
How did indigenous science contribute to early Filipino communities?
practical knowledge and technologies that supported their survival and daily life
38
How do indigenous communities preserve their scientific knowledge?
oral traditions, cultural practices, and hands-on learning
39
What role does indigenous science play in environmental conservation?
preservation (hint ra ni brad)
40
Why is it important to integrate indigenous science into formal education?
It preserves cultural heritage, promotes sustainability, enhances scientific literacy, encourages inclusivity, and supports holistic learning by combining traditional and modern scientific approaches.
41
Which Greek philosopher introduced the concept of Eudaimonia?
Aristotle
42
Which of the following is NOT a component of human flourishing according to Aristotle?
Isolation
43
How does Western civilization typically view human flourishing compared to Eastern civilization?
Western civilization individual-centric, Eastern civilization tends to view it as community-centric.
44
Which best describes the scientific method?
observation, hypothesis, and testing.
45
What does verification theory state?
Statements must be empirically verified.
46
What is the key principle of falsification theory?
Theories must be testable and disprovable.
47
Why is science considered a social endeavor?
collaboration, communication, and ethical considerations
48
Which best describes science and results?
the ability of science to produce tangible outcomes
49
What is a major critique of economic growth as a measure of development?
Creates an illusion of sustainability because the Earth's finite resources cannot support endless expansion
50
What is 'de-development' according to Joseph Hickel?
Developed countries should consider scaling back their pursuit of growth to avoid overexploitation of resources and irreversible damage to the environment.
51
Before the development of science and technology, what was the primary concern of early humans?
survival and adapting to nature
52
What does the concept of the 'generation gap' in technology highlight?
differences in comfort and familiarity with technology between older and younger generations
53
Which of the following was a major factor in the transition from early human conflicts to trade-based interactions?
humans realized that peaceful negotiations were more beneficial than war
54
How did early civilizations’ use of technology influence their perception of human flourishing?
to resources(hint rapd ni brad)
55
According to Pawilen (2006), what is one component of indigenous science?
Traditional Knowledge
56
What is the role of indigenous science in the development of science and technology?
Provide foundational knowledge and practices
57
What is the primary objective of science education in the Philippines?
develop scientifically literate individuals
58
Which government agency is primarily responsible for promoting science education in the Philippines?
DOST
59
What is the K to 12 Science Curriculum designed to achieve?
enhance scientific literacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills
60
The Science, Technology, and Engineering (STE) program in high schools is designed to:
provide specialized education in science, technology, and engineering
61
What is the main challenge in science education in the Philippines?
School science from basic education to graduate education is improving slowly, and only a few students are enrolling in science and technology courses
62
What distinguishes indigenous knowledge from modern science?
holistic, community-based, and experiential nature
63
Which of the following is an example of an indigenous scientific practice in the Philippines?
Herbal medicine
64
According to Martin Heidegger, what is the essence of technology?
distinct, suggesting that it shapes human activity and reveals different aspects of human existence over time.
65
Which of the following best explains the role of religion in early human societies?
provide a framework for understanding natural phenomena, coping with uncertainties, and establishing moral and social order
66
What is one of the major critiques of technological progress in modern times?
prioritizes economic value and efficiency over ethical considerations
67
Why is the Holocene extinction significant in understanding human impact on nature?
it highlights how human activities such as habitat destruction, overhunting, and overfishing have led to the widespread loss of biodiversity
68
Which of the following reflects a major shift in human life due to scientific advancements?
to education(also hint ra ni)
69
What does the concept of 'backtracking the human condition' suggest about technology's role in society?
while technology has improved comfort and efficiency, it has not fundamentally changed the core aspects of human existence, such as the search for meaning, moral development, and the persistence of global challenges like inequality and conflict.
70
What is considered the foundation of modern science in the Philippines?
Indigenous science and foreign ideas
71
How did early Filipinos apply scientific knowledge in their daily lives?
agriculture (e.g., crop rotation, irrigation), medicine (e.g., herbal remedies), astronomy (e.g., predicting seasons), and toolmaking (e.g., crafting tools for hunting and fishing),
72
What major factor hindered the growth of science in the Philippines during the Spanish period?
Superstitious beliefs and Catholic doctrines
73
Which colonial power introduced the formal education system in the Philippines, significantly impacting science and technology?
American
74
What was one of the major contributions of the Americans to science and technology in the Philippines?
establishment of the public education system, including the creation of the University of the Philippines
75
What country was one of the first to develop service robots under the DESIRE initiative?
Germany
76
What is a major ethical concern regarding the use of robots in society?
Safety or Accountability
77
What event is often cited as the beginning of the Scientific Revolution?
publication of Nicolaus Copernicus' book 'De revolutionibus orbium coelestium' (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) in 1543
78
What was the central idea of Copernicus's heliocentric model?
Sun is the center of the universe
79
Which invention is credited for boosting intellectual activities during the Scientific Revolution?
Printing Press
80
Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
81
Which book by Darwin discussed human evolution?
The descent of man
82
Sigmund Freud is associated with which field of study?
Psychology
83
Which government agency is primarily responsible for science and technology programs in the Philippines?
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
84
The Balik Scientist Program aims to:
Encourage Filipino scientists abroad to return and work in the Philippines
85
What is the purpose of the Philippine Science High School System?
provide a free, scholarship-based secondary education
86
What is one of the four policy clusters identified by the National Research Council of the Philippines (NCRP)?
Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
87
Which of the following is NOT included in the NCRP's science and technology policy recommendations?
the fashion and entertainment industry
88
Who is the Filipino scientist known for his research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes?
Ramon Cabanos Barba
89
What significant invention is attributed to Dr. Enrique Ostrea Jr.?
meconium (First poop of a baby) drug testing
90
Which scientist contributed significantly to marine science in the Philippines?
Edgardo Gomez
91
What is Josefino Cacas Comiso known for?
for his works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica by using SATELLITE IMAGES
92
How did Aristotle's approach to understanding reality differ from Plato's, particularly regarding the concept of the world of forms?
Aristotle puts everything back to the ground by claiming that this world is all there is to it and that this world is the only reality we can all access.
93
Who is known as the 'father of the computer' and designed the Analytical Engine?
Charles Babbage
94
What was the first truly portable computer released in 1981?
Osborne 1
95
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using mobile phones?
addiction, social isolation, and health issues
96
What ethical dilemma is associated with excessive use of technological devices?
children lazy and unhealthy, cause individuals to become reclusive, alienated, and overly dependent on technology.
97
What is the primary function of personal computers and laptops in modern society?
facilitate communication, access information, and perform tasks
98
What are service robots primarily used for?
performing useful tasks for humans
99
What is the main reason why some Filipinos own multiple mobile phones?
manage different purposes
100
Freud's method for understanding neurological conditions was called what?
psychoanalysis
101
Which Renaissance scientist faced condemnation for his scientific ideas due to religious opposition?
Nicolaus Copernicus
102
What was a significant characteristic of the Scientific Revolution?
Transformation of societal views about nature
103
What fields were transformed during the Scientific Revolution?
astronomy, physics, biology, chemistry, and mathematics
104
What motivated scientists during the Scientific Revolution?
desire to understand the natural world
105
What was a significant consequence of the Scientific Revolution?
establishment of the scientific method
106
Which Mesoamerican civilization is famous for its advancements in astronomy?
Maya civilization
107
What Mesoamerican structure was aligned with the Sun during equinoxes?
pyramid at Chichén Itzá
108
What record-keeping system was developed by the Incas?
Quipú
109
Which civilization is credited with inventing the first suspension bridge?
Inca civilization
110
What did the Aztecs develop that significantly impacted the world of food?
Chocolates
111
What medical practice is traditional to Chinese civilization?
acupuncture
112
Which ancient civilization in Asia was known for the system of traditional medicine called Ayurveda?
Ancient India
113
What ancient Indian text covers astronomical and mathematical topics?
Siddhanta Shiromani

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