MIDTERM

Question 1

which of the following represents potential energy?

the “snap” of the mouse trap

the road runner hanging off the cliff, but not yet falling

the road runner falling off the cliff

Answer 1

the road runner hanging off the cliff, but not yet falling

Question 2

Now try to relate some of this energy talk to blood flow throughout the body. Predict what impact gravitational energy might have on blood flow within the body.

Gravitational energy might impact blood flow because when the patient is standing or lying down the gravitational forces on the blood within the blood vessels will be different.

If a patient is jumping off a cliff, the pressures in the walls of his vessels might result in atherosclerosis

Answer 2

Gravitational energy might impact blood flow because when the patient is standing or lying down the gravitational forces on the blood within the blood vessels will be different.

Question 2

which of the following represents gravitational energy?

the “snap” of the mouse trap

the road runner hanging off the cliff, but not yet falling

the road runner falling off the cliff

Answer 2

the road runner falling off the cliff

Question 3

which of the following represents kinetic energy?

the spring being compressed

the spring expanding forward

Answer 3

the spring expanding forward

Question 4

Which of the following characteristics of blood do diabetics, smokers, hypertensives, post-menopausal women, and most middle age men, all have in common?

elevated cholesterol
missing clotting factor
low hematocrit
high viscosity

Answer 4

high viscosity

Question 5

What is the stated difference between blood of men and the blood of pre-menopausal women?

men have thinner blood than women

pre-menopausal women have a lower blood viscosity than men

post-menopausal women have a lower blood viscosity than men

men have higher blood viscosity than post-menopausal women

Answer 5

pre-menopausal women have a lower blood viscosity than men

Question 6

What is the stated difference between blood of diabetics and non-diabetics?

diabetes results in higher blood viscosity

diabetes results in lower blood viscosity

not having diabetes raises your risk factors for heart disease

having diabetes lowers your risk of having heart disease

Answer 6

diabetes results in higher blood viscosity

Question 7

What is the stated difference between blood of hypertensive individuals and those with normal blood pressure?

The individual with normal blood pressure will have higher levels of blood viscosity and be at lower risk for cardiovascular disease.

The individual with normal blood pressure will have lower levels of blood viscosity and be at higher risk for cardiovascular disease.

The individual that is hypertensive will have lower levels of blood viscosity and a higher risk for cardiovascular disease.

The individual that is hypertensive will have higher levels of blood viscosity and a higher risk for cardiovascular disease.

Answer 7

The individual that is hypertensive will have higher levels of blood viscosity and a higher risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 8

How does the video describe the impact of smoking on the patient’s blood and cardiovascular disease?

Smokers have thin blood and are at greater risk for CVS disease.

Smokers have thicker blood and are at greater risk for CVS disease.

Non-smokers have thinner blood and are at greater risk for CVS disease.

Non-smokers have thicker blood and are at lower risk for CVS disease.

Answer 8

Smokers have thicker blood and are at greater risk for CVS disease.

Question 9

Predict why higher viscosity of blood might result in increased risk for cardiovascular disease in all of these situations?

The higher the blood viscosity, the slower it moves, the more likely it is to cause hemodynamic disturbances that affect the vessel walls, result in plaque formation, vessel wall hardening, etc.

The higher the blood viscosity, the thinner the blood so it moves faster, resulting in more turbulence that weakens blood vessel walls.

The higher the blood viscosity, the thinner the blood so it cannot clot and this affects the flow of nutrients to the cells which weakens the vessel walls.

The higher the blood viscosity, the thicker the blood so the blood cells do not fit through the small openings of the aorta and the heart chambers and valves.

Answer 9

The higher the blood viscosity, the slower it moves, the more likely it is to cause hemodynamic disturbances that affect the vessel walls, result in plaque formation, vessel wall hardening, etc.

Question 10

Which of the following definitions, best describes the term “hemodynamics”?

study of the anatomy of the heart and blood vessels

study of blood vessels and how they interact at the cellular level

study of blood components

study of blood moving through the circulatory system

Answer 10

study of blood moving through the circulatory system

Question 11

All of the following would be considered part of the Four Pumps that assist blood flow throughout the body EXCEPT:
heart pump
vertebral pump
aortic pump
calf muscle pump
respiratory pump

Answer 11

vertebral pump

Question 12

When discussing or measuring “flow”, AKA “volume flow rate”, one would most likely be measuring what and using which units of measure?

discussing the number of blood cells passing through a vessel wall and using a concrete number such as 320

discussing the amount of blood flow and using a volume unit such as liter

discussing the amount of blood flow over a specified period of time and using a volume unit such as liter divided by a unit of time such as minute

discussing the speed of blood flow over an hour and using an area unit such as centimeter squared and a time unit such as hour

Answer 12

discussing the amount of blood flow over a specified period of time and using a volume unit such as liter divided by a unit of time such as minute

Question 13

If a sonographer were to measure flow velocity, he would most likely record the flow velocity and report it to the physician in which of the following units of measure?

miles per hour
millimeters per microsecond
meters per hour
centimeters per second

Answer 13

centimeters per second

Question 14

Of the following forms of flow, which is most likely associated with the arterial system?

pulsatile
phasic
steady

Answer 14

pulsatile

Question 15

Of the following forms of flow, which is most likely associated with the venous system?
pulsatile
phasic
steady

Answer 15

phasic

Question 16

In order for fluid to flow from one place to another, there must be a…
difference in temperatures (temperature gradient)

difference in velocities (velocity gradient)

difference in pressures (pressure gradient)

difference in molecular density (density gradient)

Answer 16

difference in pressures (pressure gradient)

Question 17

When the left ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart with a particular force or energy, but it immediately begins to lose steam (energy). What characteristic of blood contributes to this loss in energy?

viscosity
plasma
platelets
White Blood Cells

Answer 17

viscosity

Question 18

Which of the following results in energy loss as blood moves through a vessel?
pressure
blood type
friction
content of the blood cells mitochondria

Answer 18

friction

Question 19

Using your critical thinking skills, if inertial energy loss occurs when there is a change in the motion of blood (Newton’s Law of Motion), then in which of the following situations would it be least likely for an inertial energy loss to occur?

pulsatile blood flow
phasic blood flow
turbulent blood flow
steady blood flow

Answer 19

steady blood flow

Question 20

You learned that a pressure gradient (or change/difference in pressure) is needed for blood to flow. For example, blood moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, just as humans avoid areas of high pressure in their lives and move to areas of comfort or low pressure.

If the concept is represented by the following:

Pressure Gradient = flow x resistance, what happens to the pressure gradient if resistance increases?

The pressure gradient or difference in pressure also increases.

The pressure gradient or difference in pressure decreases.

The pressure gradient or difference in pressure does not change at all.

Answer 20

The pressure gradient or difference in pressure also increases.

Question 21

Voltage = current x resistance is a formula that described by…

Answer 21

Ohm’s Law

Question 22

Which of the following best describes the role of the heart pump?
starts the flow of blood to the legs
starts the flow of blood to the heart
starts the flow of blood to the brain
starts the flow of blood to the body and lungs

Answer 22

starts the flow of blood to the body and lungs

Question 23

All of the following are required for blood to flow out of the heart EXCEPT:

chemical change in the blood

electrical conduction

mechanical contraction of the heart muscle

pressure gradient between one side of a heart valve and the other

Answer 23

chemical change in the blood

Question 24

Pertaining to the electrical conduction system, which component is known as the pacemaker of the heart? Bundle of HIS Purkinjie Fibers Internodal Tract Sino-atrial Node

Answer 24

Sino-atrial Node

Question 25

The muscle layer of the heart responsible for effective pumping is known as the... endocardium epicardium myocardium pericardium

Answer 25

myocardium

Question 26

All of the following are functions of the heart and circulation EXCEPT: provide blood and nutrients regulate fluids in the body supply cells with oxygen remove carbon dioxide and wastes

Answer 26

regulate fluids in the body

Question 27

Which of the following valves are open in diastole?

Answer 27

mitral valve tricuspid valve

Question 28

Which valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta?

Answer 28

aortic valve

Question 29

The heart needs its own blood supply but does not get it from the blood going through the chambers. Which of the following supplies the heart with blood and oxygen needed to maintain cardiac health?

Answer 29

coronary arteries

Question 30

The test that records the electrical activity of the heart is called

Answer 30

electrocardiogram

Question 31

The valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle is the...

Answer 31

tricuspid valve

Question 32

In order for blood to flow from one chamber to the next, there must be a

Answer 32

pressure gradient

Question 33

In order for there to be mechanical contraction of the heart, there must be...

Answer 33

electrical activity

Question 34

Which of the following separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle? ricuspid valve Interatrial septum Mitral valve Interventricular septum

Answer 34

Interventricular septum

Question 35

Which of the following waveforms of the EKG represent ventricular contraction?

Answer 35

QRS COMPLEX

Question 36

when the tricuspid and mitral valves are open, but the aortic and pulmonic are closed, the heart is in which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 36

diastole

Question 37

Which of the following best describes the concept of "pre-load"? relates to what happens to blood after it leaves the heart (arterial outflow) relates to what happens prior to blood entering the heart (venous return)

Answer 37

relates to what happens prior to blood entering the heart (venous return)

Question 38

All of the following are branches directly off the aortic arch EXCEPT: brachiocephalic artery right common carotid artery left common carotid artery left subclavian artery

Answer 38

right common carotid artery

Question 39

Which of the following vessels brings a constant supply of blood and oxygen to the brain? Internal Carotid Arteries External Carotid Arteries Abdominal Aortas

Answer 39

Internal Carotid Arteries

Question 40

Which of the following branches of the extra-cranial carotid arteries can have its branches insonated while scanning the main branch? External Carotid Artery Internal Carotid Artery

Answer 40

External Carotid Artery

Question 41

The vessels that join to create the Basilar Artery which supplies the circle of Willis are called the... Internal Carotid Arteries Common Carotid Arteries External Carotid Arteries Vertebral Arteries Subclavian Arteries

Answer 41

Vertebral Arteries

Question 42

The vertebral arteries branch from the: aortic arch common carotid arteries subclavian arteries ECA ICA

Answer 42

subclavian arteries

Question 43

Which of the following segments of the lower extremity arterial system is considered the inflow? aorto-iliac femoro-popliteal tibio-peroneal

Answer 43

aorto-iliac

Question 44

Which of the following segments of the lower extremity arterial system is considered the run-off? aorto-iliac femoro-popliteal tibio-peroneal

Answer 44

tibio-peroneal

Question 45

If your patient were experiencing pain in the calf muscle, in which of the three segments or systems would you expect to find disease? in-flow segment of the aorto-iliac out-flow segment of the femoro-popliteal run-off segment of the tibioperoneal both the out-flow segment and the run-off segment, although most commonly the out-flow segment

Answer 45

both the out-flow segment and the run-off segment, although most commonly the out-flow segment

Question 46

Of the four pumping mechanisms that cause blood to circulate throughout the body, which of the following has the thick media walls that accepts a bolus of blood that with contractile recoil pushes blood through the vessel? heart pump aortic pump calf muscle pump respiratory pump

Answer 46

aortic pump

Question 47

The descending aorta provides blood to all of the following organs, tissue, cells EXCEPT: abdominal organs pelvic organs upper extremities lower extremities

Answer 47

upper extremities

Question 48

The term "bolus" refers to

Answer 48

a large quantity of something administered all at once, such as blood or nutritional supplement or medication

Question 49

What percentage of blood from the Common Carotid Artery (CCA) branches to the ICA?

Answer 49

80%

Question 50

Which of the following best describes the term "peak systole"? the lowest velocity throughout the cardiac cycle the highest velocity during the ventricular relaxing phase of the cycle the highest velocity during the entire cycle (contracting and relaxing) the lowest velocity during the ventricular contracting phase of the cycle

Answer 50

the highest velocity during the entire cycle (contracting and relaxing)

Question 51

Which of the following statements best describes the term "end-diastole"? the lowest velocity, just prior to the upstroke associated with the next cardiac cycle the highest velocity, just prior to the down stroke associated with the next cardiac cycle the lowest velocity, just prior to the down stroke associated with the next cardiac cycle the highest velocity, just prior to the upstroke associated with the next cardiac cycle

Answer 51

the lowest velocity, just prior to the upstroke associated with the next cardiac cycle

Question 52

Which of the following statements best describes the term "window filling"? a recording of the highest velocities associated with blood flowing through a window a recording of the highest velocities associated with blood flowing through a sample gate a recording of the varied velocities between the highest and the baseline flowing through a window a recording of the varied velocities between the highest and the baseline flowing through the sample gate

Answer 52

a recording of the varied velocities between the highest and the baseline flowing through the sample gate

Question 53

Which of the following statements best describes the term "dicrotic notch"? small downward deflection in the arterial pulse (pressure wave) immediately after the closure of the semi-lunar valves small upward deflection in the arterial pulse (pressure wave) immediately after the closure of the semi-lunar valves small downward deflection in the venous flow pattern after the patient takes a step small downward deflection in the venous flow pattern after the patient takes a step

Answer 53

small downward deflection in the arterial pulse (pressure wave) immediately after the closure of the semi-lunar valves

Question 54

Color Doppler can provide all of the following information about blood flow EXCEPT: absence or presence of flow direction of flow mean velocities of flow smooth or turbulence of flow quantifiable flow velocity

Answer 54

quantifiable flow velocity

Question 55

What combination of ultrasound system adjustments should he/she make to properly visualize the vertebral arteries? increase velocity scale and increase depth decrease velocity scale and increase depth decrease velocity scale and decrease depth increase velocity scale and decrease depth

Answer 55

decrease velocity scale and increase depth

Question 56

While scanning the vertebral arteries, the sonographer notes a significant shadowing effect through the vessel that interrupts the color Doppler information. How should the sonographer report this finding to the physician? normal shadowing from the spinal processes abnormal shadowing from plaque on the anterior wall of the vertebral artery

Answer 56

normal shadowing from the spinal processes

Question 57

The term that best describes the normal waveform pattern associated with the peripheral arterial system of the legs is... uniphasic biphasic triphasic quadriphasic

Answer 57

triphasic

Question 58

How does an increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow affect blood pressure? it also increases it decreases it has no effect

Answer 58

it also increases

Question 59

To which circulatory system does the concept of "peripheral resistance" apply? all blood flow throughout the entire circulatory system only the cerebrovascular system that has high and low resistance flow patterns and brings blood to the vital brain only the peripheral vascular system that brings blood to non-vital organs only the centralized circulatory system that brings blood to the vital organs of the abdomen such as the liver and kidneys

Answer 59

only the peripheral vascular system that brings blood to non-vital organs

Question 60

The patient clenches and releases his fist, the waveform pattern of blood flow in his upper extremity changes. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for why this occurs? the fist clenching causes blood to flow more freely into the hand so it would be triphasic the fist clenching increases peripheral resistance so the waveform becomes triphasic but when the fist is released blood flow freely and continuously so it becomes a low resistance pattern the fist clenching decreases peripheral resistance so the waveform becomes low rsistance the first clenches has not real effect on peripheral resistance

Answer 60

the fist clenching increases peripheral resistance so the waveform becomes triphasic but when the fist is released blood flow freely and continuously so it becomes a low resistance pattern

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the four "pumps" that contributes to circulating blood throughout the body? The Heart The Pulmonic The Aortic The Calf Muscle The Respiratory

Answer 61

The Pulmonic

Question 62

Within what type of vessel would this type of "calf muscle pump" be found? Coronary arteries Coronary veins Inferior Vena Cava Upper extremity artery Lower extremity vein

Answer 62

Lower extremity vein

Question 63

As the calf muscle is contracting, what corresponding action is occurring with the valves? The valves are opening. The valves are closing. The valves are contracting. The valves are relaxing.

Answer 63

The valves are opening.

Question 64

As the calf muscle is relaxing, what corresponding action is occurring with the valves? The valves are opening. The valves are closing. The valves are contracting. The valves are relaxing.

Answer 64

The valves are closing.

Question 65

Predict which of the following options might happen if the patient is sitting for long periods of time. Nothing would be different as this is done automatically, much like breathing. If the patient is sitting, but is moving his feet, then the calf muscle pump would still be working and pumping blood back to the heart, but if not, blood will start to pool in his legs and they might swell. If the patient is sitting, but is not moving his feet, then the valves would become floppy and would not be able to support the back flow when the patient resumes standing. If the patient is sitting, gravity will not allow any blood to flow out of his legs and back to his heart

Answer 65

If the patient is sitting, but is moving his feet, then the calf muscle pump would still be working and pumping blood back to the heart, but if not, blood will start to pool in his legs and they might swell.

Question 66

Predict what might happen if the patient's valves are not able to close completely. Blood will flow backwards all the way back to his heart. Blood will be pumped forward until it is trapped by another muscle. Blood will not be able to be pumped forward at all and it will pool in the legs. Blood will be pumped forward with the calf muscle contraction, but will then flow backward until it is caught by the first working valve

Answer 66

Blood will be pumped forward with the calf muscle contraction, but will then flow backward until it is caught by the first working valve

Question 67

The diaphragm is a: small curved muscle large curved muscle large flat or domed muscle small flat muscle

Answer 67

large flat or domed muscle

Question 68

When the diaphragm moves downward, it flattens, and air is pushed out of the lungs. is pulled out of the trachea. is pushed out of the nose. ! is pulled into the lungs.

Answer 68

is pulled into the lungs.

Question 69

As the diaphragm moves downward, the size of the thoracic cavity is decreased. is increased. remains the same.

Answer 69

is increased.

Question 70

The downward movement of the diaphragm affects the abdominal cavity in that the pressure

Answer 70

increases.

Question 71

As abdominal pressures increase, blood flow returning to the heart through the veins of the lower extremities is impeded by increased pressure. decreased pressure. no pressure change. is not impeded

Answer 71

increased pressure.

Question 72

At what anatomical location on the body will the patient's measured pressure be less than his actual circulatory pressure? the level of the head the level of the heart the level of the waist the level of the knees the level of the ankles

Answer 72

the level of the head

Question 73

When veins are under their normal low pressure, which of the following shapes most represents their normal appearance? hourglass oval round

Answer 73

hourglass

Question 74

With exercise, blood flow increases through the artery to the muscle and therefore there is also an increase in blood volume that must be drained from the muscle by the vein. Which of the following statements best describes the change in a vein when a person exercises? The vein expands to accommodate the increase in blood volume, but by increasing in size, there is little increase in pressure. The vein collapses under the extra pressure from the increasing volume of blood draining from the muscle.

Answer 74

The vein expands to accommodate the increase in blood volume, but by increasing in size, there is little increase in pressure.

Question 75

As veins increase in size to accommodate the increase in blood volume, what happens to resistance to flow? it increases, restricting flow back to the heart it increases, increasing flow back to the heart it decreases, restricting flow back to the heart it decreases, increasing flow back to the heart

Answer 75

it decreases, increasing flow back to the heart

Question 76

Once a vein's cross sectional shape has progressed from hour glass to oval to round, what happens to the transmural pressure? It ruptures the vein and then the pressure decreases. It increases significantly if there is continuing need to increase volume further. It decreases significantly as the need to increase volume increases. There is no change to the transmural pressure as the vein cross sectional shape changes.

Answer 76

It increases significantly if there is continuing need to increase volume further.

Question 77

What is the hydrostatic pressure for someone who is supine (lying on his back)? 0 cm/sec 0 mmHg 140 mmHg 180 mmHg

Answer 77

0 mmHg

Question 78

For a supine individual whose actual circulatory pressure is 120 mmHg, what pressure reading would be obtained if his brachial blood pressure were taken? 0 cm/sec 0 mmHg 120 mmHg 180 mmHg

Answer 78

120 mmHg

Question 79

At what anatomical location on the patient does the measured pressure = the accurate circulatory pressure?

Answer 79

the level of the heart

Question 80

Movement of blood in the lower extremity venous system is influenced mainly by all of the following EXCEPT: respiratory variation aorta pump valves calf muscle pump

Answer 80

aorta pump

Question 81

Which of the following has an artery paired with it? deep vein superficial vein perforating vein capillary

Answer 81

deep vein

Question 82

The purpose of heart valves is to maintain proper... two way flow of the blood. one way flow of the blood. balance.

Answer 82

one way flow of the blood.

Question 83

When the sonographer assesses a valve for competency, one technique that is used is called M-Mode Gray Scale color flow Doppler Spectral Doppler

Answer 83

color flow Doppler

Question 84

A benign tumor of the heart that blocks flow, most commonly into the left ventricle, reducing the cardiac output is called:

Answer 84

myxoma

Question 85

If the the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body, view the image and predict what the pathology might be.

Answer 85

CHF (congestive heart failure)

Question 86

CHF (congestive heart failure) can be referred to as right sided or left sided heart failure depending on the cause and which side of the heart fails first. Even if all valves are functioning normally, a patient with pulmonary disease is at risk for right sided CHF. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 86

TRUË

Question 87

The volume of blood in the ventricles prior to ejection, which is dependent on venous return, is called:

Answer 87

preload

Question 88

The resistance the ventricles have to pump against to eject blood into the great vessels is called:

Answer 88

afterload

Question 89

An infection of the inner lining of the heart and heart valves that may cause vegetations or perforations of the valves is known as:

Answer 89

endocarditis

Question 90

Reviewing the image, the left ventricle has a bulge in the apex which could have been caused by a myocardial infarction. The bulge in the apex is known as:

Answer 90

aneurysm

Question 91

A bulge in the left ventricle along with the thinning of necrotic tissue of the infarcted wall and the high pressure in the ventricle during ejection may cause which of the following?

Answer 91

rupture

Question 92

Which type of lipoprotein is responsible for the development of atherosclerosis? low density lipoproteins high density lipoproteins

Answer 92

low density lipoproteins

Question 93

Macrophages that have ingested the oxidized LDL's are called: stem cells fatty streaks foam cells

Answer 93

foam cells

Question 94

Peripheral Arterial Disease affects how many ppl

Answer 94

10 mil

Question 95

reatment of PAD includes all of the following EXCEPT: smoking cessation controlling high blood pressure leg pain treatment controlling diabetes

Answer 95

leg pain treatment

Question 96

The buildup of plaque causes the arteries to harden and narrow. This is known as: stenosis intermittent claudication atherosclerosis ischemia

Answer 96

atherosclerosis

Question 97

he most severe form of PAD includes: ulceration and sores on the legs and feet that heal easily ulceration and sores on the legs and feet that do not heal easily ulceration and sores on the toe ulceration and sores on the arm that do not heal easily

Answer 97

ulceration and sores on the legs and feet that do not heal easily

Question 98

An ABI is calculated by using which of the following: ABI = lowest ankle pressure x highest brachial pressure ABI = highest ankle pressure divided by the highest brachial pressure ABI = highest ankle pressure x the highest toe pressure ABI = highest ankle pressure x the lowest brachial pressure

Answer 98

ABI = highest ankle pressure divided by the highest brachial pressure

Question 99

A normal Ankle Brachial Index is...

Answer 99

1.0

Question 100

An Ankle Brachial Index below .99 shows...

Answer 100

decrease blood flow

Question 101

As the severity of the disease increases, the number related to the Ankle Brachial Index:

Answer 101

decreases

Question 102

When obtaining the ABI, the sonographer should inflate the cuff no more than ___ above the last sound heard. 30 mmHg 100 mmHg

Answer 102

30 mmHg

Question 103

In order to optimize your ABI examination, the sonographer should use which of the following? large sample volume and a 60-degree angle small sample volume and a 60-degree angle small sample volume and a 90-degree angle large sample volume and a 90 degree angle

Answer 103

small sample volume and a 60-degree angle

Question 104

The pressure applied to the skin by the ultrasound transducer must maintain good contact, but can NOT be excessive or it may... change the image direction obliterate the arterial Doppler signal enhance the arterial Doppler signal degrade the image

Answer 104

obliterate the arterial Doppler signal

Question 105

Blood pressure cuffs are placed ... on the forearm and at the ankle bilaterally on the upper arms and at the ankles one on the upper arm and one on the knee on both arms and the painful leg

Answer 105

bilaterally on the upper arms and at the ankles

Question 106

The blood pressure cuff should be slowly deflated, to note the... time at which the audible arterial Doppler will disappear. pressure at which the audible arterial Doppler will disappear. pressure at which the audible arterial Doppler starts. resistances of the audible arterial Doppler.

Answer 106

pressure at which the audible arterial Doppler starts.

Question 107

A low ABI means the blood pressure in the legs is lower than that of the arms, indicating that PAD is... increasing the blood flow to the legs. restricting blood flow to the legs. increasing the blood flow to the arms. restricting blood flow to the arms.

Answer 107

restricting blood flow to the legs.

Question 108

Which of the following is not one of the four categories of PAD? normal claudication pain when walking tissue gain

Answer 108

tissue gain

Question 109

Fatty Plaques can develop a hard fibrous calcific cap that is at risk of ...

Answer 109

rupture

Question 110

Which one of the following is a TRUE statement about the Ankle/Brachial Index? an index greater than 1.3 is normal. the ankle pressure should be equal to or greater than the arm pressure. the arm pressure should be equal to or greater than the ankle pressure. pain in the legs or feet at rest is termed intermittent claudication.

Answer 110

the ankle pressure should be equal to or greater than the arm pressure.

Question 111

A patient with pain in the legs at rest would demonstrate an ABI of less than.... 1.3 1 .97 .4

Answer 111

.4

Question 112

Pain in the legs upon walking that is predictable and is relieved upon rest is termed...

Answer 112

intermittent claudication

Question 113

When taking brachial pressures, a difference of more than 20 mmHg may indicate which of the following? an occlusion of the right common carotid artery an occlusion of the subclavian artery an occlusion of the vertebral artery an occlusion of the brachial artery

Answer 113

an occlusion of the subclavian artery

Question 114

The sample volume box placed on the curve of a tortuous vessel may lead to an... underestimation of the true velocity overestimation of the true velocity makes no difference where the sample volume box is placed

Answer 114

overestimation of the true velocity

Question 115

A narrowing of a vessel due to atherosclerotic plaque is termed a:

Answer 115

stenosis