midterm 2 Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
pseudoephedrine
A
Brand name: Sudafed
oral decongestant
2
Q
phenylephrine
A
Brand name: Sudafed PE
oral decongestant
3
Q
phenylephrine (nasal)
A
Brand name: Neo-synephrine, little remedies decongestant nose dorps
nasal/topical decongestant
4
Q
phenylephrine (nasal)
A
Brand name: Neo-synephrine, little remedies decongestant nose drops
nasal/topical decongestant
5
Q
oxymetazoline
A
Brand name: Afrin, Vicks Sinex
nasal/topical decongestant
6
Q
proplyhexedrine
A
Brand name: Benzedrex Inhaler
nasal/topical decongestant
7
Q
levmetamfetamine
A
Brand name: vapor inhaler
nasal/topical decongestant
8
Q
chlorpheniramine
A
1st generation antihistamine
9
Q
Brompheniramine
A
1st generation antihistamine
10
Q
Diphenhydramine
A
Brand name: benadryl
11
Q
Diphenhydramine
A
Brand name: benadryl
1st generation antihistamine
12
Q
Doxylamine
A
1st generation antihistamine
13
Q
Loratadine
A
Brand name: claritin
2nd generation antihistamine
14
Q
Cetirizine
A
Brand name: Zyrtec
2nd generation antihistamine
15
Q
levoceetirizine
A
Brand name: xyzal
2nd generation antihistamine
16
Q
fexofenadine
A
Brand name: allegra
2nd gneration antihistamine
17
Q
Azelastine
A
Brand name: Astepro Allergy
Intranasal antihistamine
18
Q
Cromolyn Sodium
A
Brand name: NasalCrom
Mast cell stabilizer
19
Q
Fluticasone Furoate
A
Brand name: Flonase Sensimeist
INCS
20
Q
Fluticasone propionate
A
Brand name: Flonase
INCS
21
Q
Triamcinolone
A
Brand name: Nasacort
INCS
22
Q
Budesonide
A
Brand name: Rhinocort
INCS
23
Q
Codeine
A
Oral antitussive
24
Q
Dextromethorphan
A
Brand name: delsym
Oral antitussive
25
Guaifenesin
Brand name: mucinex, Robitussin
Expectorant
26
Guaifenesin/Dextromethorphan
Brand name: Robitussin DM, Mucinex DM
Expectorant/antitussive
27
Menthol, Camphor, Eucalyptus
Brand name: Vicks VapoRub
Topical antitussive/ Aromatic oils
28
When is self-care not appropriate for colds?
fever over 100.4
chest pain/SOB
symptoms of ear infection, sinusitis, strep throat, croup or bronchitis/pneumonia
worsening symptoms despite self-treatment
COPD
frail patients of advanced age and those under 3 months
AIDS or immunosuppressant.
29
When is self-care not appropriate for allergies?
children under 12
pregnant/ lactating
symptoms of non-allergic rhinitis
symptoms of ear infection, sinusitis, bronchitis or infection
symptoms of diagnosed or undiagnosed asthma COP or other respiratory disorder
severe or unacceptable side effects of self-treatment
30
When is self-care not appropriate for cough?
difficulty breathing/SOB
temp over 100.4
cough worsens after 3-5 days
cough does not improve for 2-3 weeks
TB, Croup, whooping cough
history of chronic disease associated with cough
immunocompromised state
suspected drug-associated cough
31
What are non-pharmacological therapy for colds, flu, allergies and cough?
Cough- staying well hydrated, slowly dissolving non-medicated lozegens and candies in the mouth. humidifiers.
32
What are the differences between the different types of cough?
Acute cough- less than 3 weeks
Sub-Acute cough- 3-8 weeks
Chronic cough- more than 3 weeks
PND cough- associated with cold or allergy symptoms
nonproductive cough- dry/hacking cough
productive cough- wet/chesty cough
33
What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of decongestants?
34
What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines?
35
What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of INCS?
36
What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of local anesthetics?
37
What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of mast cell stabilizers?
38
What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of antitussives?
39
How are commonly used herbs and supplements used for colds, allergy and cough?
40
What are the different categories of allergies?
persistent (PER)- greater than 4 days of the week and for more than 4 weeks
intermittent (IAR)- less than 4 days of the week or for less than 4 weeks
Moderate-severe: abnormal sleep, effects daily activities, troublesome symptoms
Mild- normal sleep, no activity or work or school impairment, no troublesome symptoms
41
what are the risk factors for cough, cold and allergy?
Allergies- family history, filaggrin, elevated IgE, higher socioeconomic class, history of eczema, positive reaction to allergy skin tests, asthma.
42
What are the clinical presentation of cold, cough and allergy?
Allergies- bilateral symptoms that are worse in the morning and get better throughout the day, sneezing, Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, itchy eyes/nose, conjunctivitis. Fatigue, Irritability, Malise, cognitive impairment.
43
What are the different symptoms between fever, hyperpyrexia and hyperthermia?
44
What are the pros and cons of the different types of thermometers?
45
What are the common counseling points noted for appropriate use of thermometers and antipyretics?
46
When do we refer for a fever?
47
What recommendations do we regarding the use of OTC antipyretics for adults and children?
48
When is it appropriate to treat insomnia or fatigue with OTC products?
if sleeplessness persists continuously for more than two weeks, consult your physician
49
What are the different sleep stages?
1. Transitional stage (falling asleep)
2. light sleep (50% of the time)
3. delta deep sleep
4. delta deep sleep
REM then repeat
50
What are causes of insomnia?
Drugs that can cause insomnia: Alcohol, Antidepressants (e.g. SSRIs, venlafaxine, bupropion), Amphetamines, Antihypertensive (clonidine), Antineoplatics (anti-cancer drug), Beta Agonist (albuterol), Caffeine, Corticosteroids, Decongestants, Diuretics (bedtime), Nicotine, Oral contraceptives, Thyroid preparations
Drugs that produce withdrawal insomnia: Alcohol, Amphetamines, Antihistamines (first generation), Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, MOA inhibitors, Opiates, Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. imipramine, amitriptyline), Illicit drugs
Lots of medical conditions.
51
What are common OTC medications, doses and side effects used to treat insomnia and fatigue/ drowsiness?
Diphenhydramine HCl/Citrate: Maximum dose for insomnia: 50 mg (HCl)/76 mg (citrate), Maximum day use: 10 consecutive days, Use up to 3 nights; then skip a night to reevaluate. Do not take with alcohol. not for under 12. Interacts with metoprolol, potassium chloride, tamoxifen and CNS depressants.
Doxylamine: Dose: 25mg given prior to bedtime, >12 yrs old, Duration of sedation 3-6 hrs, Effective in treating sleep latency, Maximum day use: 10 consecutive days, Use up to 3 nights; then skip a night to reevaluate. can dry you up (anticholinergic) and cause drowsiness. contraindications are men with prostatic hyperplasia, glaucoma, COPD, dementia and thyroid disorders.
Melatonin: Common uses: sleep onset latency, those traveling across time zones, those with low melatonin levels, Dose Range: 0.3 - 5 mg (normal 3-5 mg), Dose administration time: 8 pm to bedtime (drowsiness begins within 30 minutes peaks 3-4 hours), Adverse Effects: Daytime drowsiness 20%, Headache.
52
What are non-pharmacologic therapy treatment of insomnia and fatigue?
Bedroom for sleeping only
Establish a bedtime routine
Comfortable sleeping area
Relaxing activities before bedtime
Avoid exercise 2-4 hours before bedtime
Avoid meals 2 hrs. before bedtime; if hungry eat light snack
Avoid daytime napping
If unable to sleep leave bedroom to do a relaxing activity and then return to sleep.
Avoid caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine at least 4-6 hours before bedtime
Do not watch the clock at night in bed
53
What are appropriate goals approaches assessment/ evaluation and counseling points related to fatigue or insomnia?
1. Identify the cause: review good sleep hygiene
2. Request a sleep diary: record sleep time, caffeine intake, alcohol ingestion
3. Suggest behavior changes
4. Evaluate use of Rx & nonprescription medication
