Midterm 2

Question 1

Sensation vs perception

Answer 1

Sensation usually involves sensing the existence of a stimulus, whereas perceptual systems involve the determination of what a stimulus is

Question 2

Change Blindness

Answer 2

a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a change in a visual stimulus is introduced and the observer does not notice it.

Question 3

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 3

occurs when an individual fails to perceive an unexpected stimulus in plain sight, purely as a result of a lack of attention rather than any vision defects or deficits

Question 4

Parts of the eye

Answer 4

Cornea
Lens
Pupil
Optic Tract
Iris
Rods
Retina
Cones
Blind spot
Fovea

Question 5

Cornea

Answer 5

directs light rays into the eye and helps focus them on the light-sensitive retina at the back of the eye, providing sharp, clear vision

Question 6

Lens

Answer 6

transmit and focus light onto the retina
If damaged, causes blurry vision

Question 7

Pupil

Answer 7

lets light into your eye as the muscles of your iris change its shape.

Question 8

Optic Tract

Answer 8

carry visual information from the optic chiasm to the left and right lateral geniculate bodies as a part of the visual pathway.

Question 9

Iris

Answer 9

controls how much light the pupil lets in.

Question 10

Rods

Answer 10

help give us good vision in low light

Question 11

Retina

Answer 11

captures the light that enters your eye and helps translate it into the images you see
Containscones and rods

Question 12

Cones

Answer 12

give us our color vision

Question 13

Blind Spots

Answer 13

The eye cannot send any messages about the image to the brain, which usually interprets the image for us.

Question 14

Fovea

Answer 14

to allow for high visual acuity

Question 15

Outer ear

Answer 15

Pinna
Ear Cannal
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup

Question 16

Pinna

Answer 16

Captures sound waves

Question 17

Semi-circular/vestibular organ

Answer 17

Works with your sense of balance

Question 18

the malleus

Answer 18

Hammer Anvil Stirrup
These tiny little bones reflect soundwaves and send the sound into the Cochlea

Question 19

Basilar membraine

Answer 19

the main mechanical element of the inner ear. It possesses graded mass and stiffness properties over its length, and its vibration patterns have the effect of separating incoming sound into its component frequencies that activate different cochlear regions.

Question 20

Papillae

Answer 20

ittle bumps on the top of your tongue that help grip food while your teeth are chewing (Contains the taste buds)

Question 21

Taste buds

Answer 21

Contains taste receptors

Question 22

Interposition

Answer 22

a type of monocular cue in which one object partially obscures or covers another object, giving the perception the object that is partially covered is farther away

Question 23

Relative size

Answer 23

If two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts a smaller retinal image to be farther away.

Question 24

Texture gradient

Answer 24

As the surface gets farther away from us this texture gets finer and appears smoother

Texture is more defined the closer we are to it

Question 25

Linear perspective

Answer 25

a type of depth prompt that the human eye perceives when viewing two parallel lines that appear to meet at a distance.

Question 26

Height in plane

Answer 26

how things that are further away often appear to be positioned higher up.

Question 27

Light and shadow

Answer 27

assumption that light is always coming from above, it can give us a sense of depth

Question 28

Monocular cues

Answer 28

Interposition Relative size Texture gradient Linear perspective Height in plane Light and shadow

Question 29

Binocular cues

Answer 29

Convergence Retinal Disparity

Question 30

Convergence

Answer 30

when looking at a close-up object, your eyes angle inwards towards each other

Question 31

Retinal Disparity

Answer 31

Retinal disparity is the fact that the left and right fields of vision provide slightly different visual images when focusing on a single object. It is a type of binocular visual cue that allows people to perceive depth and distance.F

Question 31

True or False During Rem sleep, brain waves are moving the fastest

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Deepest level of sleep

Answer 32

Rem Sleep

Question 33

What are the three theories of sleeping

Answer 33

Freuds Neurocognitive Synthesis-Activation theory

Question 34

Alteration in consciousness

Answer 34

– illusions – OBEs–NDEs 

Question 35

Insight learning

Answer 35

a sudden realization of a solution to a problem.

Question 36

Latent learning

Answer 36

Latent learning refers to learning that is not reinforced and not demonstrated until there is motivation to do so.

Question 36

Observational Learning

Answer 36

Observational learning occurs by viewing the behaviors of others.

Question 37

Negative

Answer 37

Something was Taken

Question 37

Positive

Answer 37

something was given

Question 38

Reinforcement

Answer 38

Increased Behaviour

Question 39

Punishment

Answer 39

Decreased Behaviour

Question 40

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 40

occurs when a certain behavior results in a positive outcome, making the behavior likely to be repeated in the future

Question 41

Positive Punishment

Answer 41

Something was given to reduce behaviour

Question 42

Negative Punishment

Answer 42

remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.

Question 43

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 43

Aims to increase specific behaviors by removing negative consequences or stimuli.