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Classics 1000 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What region is Sparta in?

A

Lacadaemon

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2
Q

What are the people of the area controlled by Sparta called?

A

Perioeci and Helots

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3
Q

What causes the start of the first Messenian war?

A

Large population and lack of food.

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4
Q

When did the first Messenian war take place?

A

740-720 BCE

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5
Q

What sparks the second Messenian war?

A

Helot revolt.

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6
Q

When was the second Messenian war?

A

660 BCE

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7
Q

Who wins both Messenian wars?

A

Sparta

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8
Q

How does Sparta reform their community?

A

By focusing on their military.

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9
Q

What weird practice did the Spartans take part in?

A

Eugenics

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10
Q

Was Sparta the earliest form of uniform education?

A

Yes

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11
Q

At what age was mandatory education for boys in Sparta?

A

7

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12
Q

Why weren’t Spartan boys in training fed?

A

So that they would be forced to steal and practice stealth.

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13
Q

At what age could spartan boy get married and then leave the barracks?

A

17 then 30

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14
Q

What were the Spartan men who didn’t train called?

A

Tremblers

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15
Q

Did the spartan women undergone similar training as the men?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What were Spartan women called by other Greeks sometime?

A

Thigh Showers

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17
Q

What came always first in Spartan society?

A

The Polis

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18
Q

If a Spartan man couldn’t get his wife pregnant, what ought he do?

A

Let her sleep with another man

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19
Q

All Greeks know what’s good but..

A

Only Spartans do what’s good.

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20
Q

Who were the only Spartans allowed names on tombstones?

A

Women who die in child birth and men who die at war.

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21
Q

What is the Spartan mirage?

A

The idealized version of Sparta that we know today since barely any records from inside Sparta exist.

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22
Q

Was Sparta a large population?

A

No

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23
Q

Did Spartans welcome immigrants?

A

No

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24
Q

What nick name would the Spartans call each other?

A

equal

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25
Q

Did every Spartan citizen get a Kleros?

A

Yes

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26
Q

Why did the Spartans make accumulating wealth difficult?

A

So that they wouldn’t get attached to possessions.

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27
Q

How many kings ruled over Sparta?

A

2

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28
Q

What were the Gerousia in Sparta?

A

Council of elders.

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29
Q

How many Gerousia were there in Sparta?

A

28

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30
Q

How would Spartans decide during elections?

A

Whoever got the loudest cheer

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31
Q

What was an Ephor in Sparta?

A

A high ranking person that would ensure that everyone is acting in a Spartan manner.

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32
Q

How many Ephors did Sparta have at a time?

A

5

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33
Q

How long could and Ephor last in Sparta?

A

1 year.

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34
Q

What was the Peloponnesian league?

A

A group of Polis on the Peloponnesus that joined together being lead by Sparta.

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35
Q

What is Attica?

A

The region surrounding and controlled by Athens.

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36
Q

How many archons were there in Athens at a time and how long did they serve?

A

There were 9 Archons at a time and they would serve for a year

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37
Q

Who were the Eutrapids in Athens?

A

Old Archons who would advise the new ones.

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38
Q

Who was Cylon?

A

An aristocrat who won an Olympic game and tried to become a tyrant.

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39
Q

Who was Solon?

A

Solon reformed the Athenian law.

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40
Q

Who was Pisistratus?

A

A tyrant of Athens who lived games and theatric festivals.

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41
Q

Who was Cleisthenes?

A

A temporary dictator of Athens who reformed the districts into 10 and made the council 500 people.

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42
Q

What as the average age of marriage for men and for women?

A

Men was 30 and women was 15

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43
Q

Unlike Sparta where the Polis decided if a baby gets to stay, how does Athens decide?

A

The father decides

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44
Q

Up until the Hellenistic era, how was education in Athens done?

A

By Tutors

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45
Q

Could a child sue their parents for lack of education?

A

Yes

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46
Q

What is some criteria for women to get married?

A

Submissive and a virgin

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47
Q

How can we measure the value of a woman in Ancient Greece?

A

Whether the groom gave a dowry to the father or a father gave a dowry to the groom.

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48
Q

What was thrown at newly weds in Ancient Greece?

A

Nuts

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49
Q

What is “the uncovering”

A

When a husband took the veil off his new wife

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50
Q

What are the three levels of status of women and what do they mean?

A

Parthenon (unmarried), Nymphe (married without kids), Gyne (married with children).

51
Q

What does Prone and Hetaira mean?

A

Prostitute and Mistress.

52
Q

What does epikleros and Kyrios mean?

A

Epikleros (the only child and dauhgter who therefore must marry the closest male relative to carry bloodline. Kyrios (a woman’s guardian).

53
Q

Ancient Greek art focused on which kind of woman?

A

Parthenos

54
Q

What was an action that became sexual in art done by a woman?

A

Juggling alone.

55
Q

How was a divorce carried out?

A

No sex for a month

56
Q

If there’s a divorce, what percentage of interest needs to be given along weigh returning the dowry?

A

18 percent.

57
Q

Who were metics?

A

Metics were people who contributes to the Polis but weren’t a citizen and didn’t live inside the polis.

58
Q

Who was the great founder of the Persian Empire?

A

Cyrus

59
Q

Who succeeded Cyrus?

A

Darius

60
Q

What religion does Darius create ?

A

Zoroastrianism

61
Q

What were the provinces set up by Darius called?

A

Satrapies

62
Q

What was the Ionia Revolt?

A

The Ionian poleis trying to leave the Persian empire.

63
Q

Due to the Ionian revolt, what Persian city did the Greeks burn down?

A

Sardis

64
Q

Who was Themistocles?

A

An Athenian tactician

65
Q

What is a Trireme?

A

An Athenian boat with 3 levels of oars made to use against the Persian empire

66
Q

How many oars did a trireme have?

A

50

67
Q

When does Xerxes attack Greece?

A

480 BCE

68
Q

How big was Xerxes army?

A

100,000

69
Q

What did the Spartans do in response to Persia sending ambassadors?

A

Kicked then down a well

70
Q

In the famous Spartan stand, how many soldiers faced Xerxes 100,000 man army?

A

7000

71
Q

How many Spartans stayed to fight Xerxes army?

A

300

72
Q

What does Xerxes do once he defeats the Spartans?

A

Burn Athens down

73
Q

What was the battle of Salamis?

A

The battle on the island of Salamis where the athenians defeated the Persian fleet.

74
Q

What is Hellenocentrism?

A

The idea that the Greeks thought they were the superior civilization.

75
Q

What is created after the Persian war?

A

The Delian league.

76
Q

What was a Cleruchy?

A

An Athenian military colony.

77
Q

Where does tragedy come from?

A

Lyric music

78
Q

What is Dionysus known for?

A

Protagonist

79
Q

What was the festival held for Dionysus?

A

A 5 day festival in Athens where play writes would compete

80
Q

What was the orchestras for in Ancient Greek plays?

A

Dancing

81
Q

What was the theatron in an Ancient Greek theatre?

A

The seating area.

82
Q

What was the proscenium and Skene in Ancient Greek theatre?

A

Proscenium was where the actors would be and the Skene was the backdrop.

83
Q

Were women allowed to act in plays?

A

No

84
Q

What was Peripeteia?

A

Sudden reversal of suspense.

85
Q

What word comes from the feeling of watching Peripeteia?

A

Catharsis

86
Q

Who are three Ancient Greek play-writes to know?

A

Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.

87
Q

What was a logographer?

A

Someone who kept records of different places around the world (like a real life Wikipedia)

88
Q

Who was the first Historian?

A

Herodotus

89
Q

What was Herodotus’s nickname name?

A

The father of lies

90
Q

What was Herodotus’ “histories” about?

A

The Persian wars

91
Q

What was Herodotus’ theory of history?

A

Power leads to blindness which leads to arrogance.

92
Q

Who was the other famous historian after Herodotus?

A

Thucydides

93
Q

Who was Pericles?

A

An Athenian politician who basically started democracy

94
Q

What was an Ancient Greek liturgy?

A

A group of people who would fund city events.

95
Q

What was a major draw back to democracy?

A

Oppression of minorities

96
Q

How could someone be Ostracized in Ancient Greece?

A

It would be brought up and put to a vote

97
Q

Where dos the word Ostracism come from?

A

An Ostraca which was apiece of paper where you would write the name of someone you wanted exiled.

98
Q

Who was Lysias?

A

A logographer who wrote down a famous trial in Ancient Greece.

99
Q

Were there paid jurors?

A

Yes

100
Q

What was a sophist?

A

A Kline of teacher that taught wisdom and rhetoric

101
Q

What is contrapposto?

A

Greek art technique where the lower real f of a body does the opposite as the top half.

102
Q

Did female statues have to be clothed?

A

Yes

103
Q

What are Naos and Pronaos?

A

Naos is the big room in the middle of a temple with things dedicated to worship and Pronaos was the little room/balcony in front of the Naos.

104
Q

What is Peristyle?

A

Row of columns surrounding Greek buildings.

105
Q

What is post and lintel construction?

A

Use of small walls and pillars to decrease a structure weight.

106
Q

What does acropolis mean?

A

Highest point in the polis

107
Q

How did Athens afford to rebuild the acropolis after the Persian wars?

A

With donations from the Delian league

108
Q

Doric vs Ionic Style

A

Doric is more simple and Ionic is fancy.

109
Q

Define Capital, Shaft, Pediment, Acroterion, Triglyph and metope, Frieze.

A

Capital (top of the shaft), Shaft (Main length of pillar), Pediment (triangular sort of roof of the temple, atop pillar), Acroterion (sculpture atop the roof, over the pediment), Triglyphe and metope (goes around the length of Doric temples, between the pediment and capital), frieze (around the length of ionic temples).

110
Q

Where is some of the greatest Greek artwork found?

A

On the pediment of a structure.

111
Q

What is the archaic smile?

A

A smile iconic to the art of the archaic age that shows balance and harmony.

112
Q

What is red figure vase?

A

A method of making lottery where the red clay is leaved exposed and used in an artistic style.

113
Q

What caused the first Peloponnesian war?

A

Athens power over the Delian league.

114
Q

Who did Athens have a trade rivalry with during the first Peloponnesian war?

A

Corinth

115
Q

Where was the Delian league treasury and where was it moved to?

A

It was on Delos and was moved to Athens.

116
Q

Who did Athens call upon to help delegate the first Peloponnesian war?

A

Cimon

117
Q

How was the first Peloponnesian war solved?

A

With a 30 year peace treaty.

118
Q

What was the alternate name for the 2nd Peloponnesian war?

A

The Archidamian war

119
Q

What was Pericles strategy during the 2nd Peloponnesian war?

A

To play cat and mouse with the advancing Spartans.

120
Q

What was a consequence of Athens hiding inside their polis for so long?

A

Plague.

121
Q

What is Erastes and Eromenos?

A

Erastes is the pursuer and Eromenos is the pursued.

122
Q

Who believed in the theory of forms?

A

Socrates

123
Q

What does Attic Stelai mean

A

Slaves as property

124
Q

Wheat was manumission

A

The freeing of slaves.

Classics 1000 (3 decks)

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