Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

consciousness > midterm 2 > Flashcards

midterm 2 Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is true deception?

A

deception with theory of mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stereotypical deception

A

unintentional deception
- ex: built-in-deception systems
→ camouflage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is communication language?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is language communication?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the only condition for consciousness?

A

to have qualia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is language a precondition to consciousness?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

IS passing the MSR proof of consciousness

A

No, but it may be a good test for some forms of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 brain areas are looked at for proof of consciousness ?

A

Brainstem & Thalami-cortical complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Rich club in the brain?

A

areas densely packed dw/ neurons seemed to be involved in consiousness
→ 6 hubs on each hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the encephalization quotient (EQ)?

A

ratio b/t brain mass & expected brain mass for animal that size

humans = 7.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the different types of ways to categorize animals based on consciousness

A
  1. DICHOTOMY
    → conscious v. unconscious
  2. CONTINUUM
    → degrees of consciousness
    3.SPACE WITH MANY DIFF DISCONTINUITIES
    → many different types of consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of consciousness ?

A

consciousness MUST have a function + adaptive value for survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

alternate view of consciousness evolution

A

consciousness accidentally occurred

Problem: can’t explain QUALIA INVERSION (why aren’t some subjective experiences reversed?

→ functional sign. of qualia
- Congential insensitivity to pain (CIP)
~~ unable to feel pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Selfish Gene Theory

A

ultimate beneficiary of natural selection is the GENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Evidence against Lamarckism (soft inheritance)

A

Traits are passed on thru germ cells (sex cells)
→ any changes to phenotype will not be passed on

only germ cells can affect somatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Darwin’s view on directed evolution

A

No built-in direction
- no guarantee species will survive even if they put effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Directed evolution

A

conscious effort directs evolution of species across time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lamarckism

A

-Inheritance of acquired characteristics

-Great chain of being (evolutionary ladder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

reality of path of evolution?

A

evolution is like a branching tree (evolved to best match condition of life + environ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

evolution’s steps

A
  1. Variation
  2. Selection
  3. Hereditary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Evolutionary forces

A
  1. Natural selection
  2. Genetic DRFIT (random events cause incr/decr. in certain genes of pop)
  3. Genetic FLOW [intro. of new variation into new pop.]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alfred R. Wallace

A

discovered evolution by natural selection @ same time as Darwin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Darwin’s contribution

A

providing mechanism to explain how evolution worked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Natural Selection

A

variation in structure/habits must occur that is advantage for survival in relation to condition of life + environ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
is attention necessary for consciousness?
yes
26
Is attention sufficient for consciousness?
No
27
is attention involuntary grabbed or intentionally directed?
both
28
Involuntary control of attention
VENTRAL attention syst → RIGHT hemisphere → Tempo-parietal Junction (TPJ) & Dental Frontal Cortex
29
Voluntary Control
DORSAL attention system → BILATERAL → Intraparietal sulcus & Front eye-field
30
Serial search
voluntary
31
Parallel search
involuntary
32
Neisser's Feature Theory
differences/similarity in features makes you use diff types of attention
33
Attentional Blink
phenomenon where the processing of a second target stimulus is impaired when it appears shortly after the first stimulus due to attention system briefly shutting down (recovery)
34
Libet's Half-second delay
neuronal adequacy → there needs to be 0.5s stimulation in cortex to become aware of stimulation of something
35
Libet's explanation of delay
subjective referral of sensory experience backward in time -sensory exp are subjectively referred back in time **consciousness does really trail 0.5 behind real world but we don't realize it **
36
how does brain know what pt in time to refer back to?
evoked potential
37
evoked potential (EP)
the primary neural signal that is sent to brain after touch (etc)
38
fmri
good = spatial resolution poor= temp resolution
39
EEG
good= temp resolution poor= spatial resolution
40
ECog
good = spatial & temp resolution con: invasive
41
unconscious inference (Helmholtz )
involuntary reflex-like mechanism - part of visual perception
42
does subliminal detection work? (sub threshold)
yes only very simple words - semantic priming
43
consciousness
slow, effortful, controlled, flexible
44
Unconscious
fast, automatic, inflexible, effortless
45
causal efficacy
idea that our conscious system is making decisions - we choose to do what we want to
46
role of consciousness in decision making
conscious perception **does not** occur fast enough to affect action aka: conscious perception is not needed for skilled mvmt
47
5 types of consciousness
1. always conscious 2. initially unconscious → can be brought under conscious control (breathing) 3. Initially conscious (learning)→ become unconscious 4. Either conscious or unconscious (driving) 5. always conscious
48
system for conscious processing
VENTRAL stream -"what" -object processing/ identification - vision for perception
49
system for unconscious processing
DORSAL stream -"where" -spatial processing - vision for action
50
what does blindsight reveal about conscious/unconscious systems?
Damage to ventral (conscious) stream causes patient to have vision w/o consciousness → vision processing is unconscious
51
sensory substitution
processing of info thru diff senses can give insight of world → becomes another sense and is able to become unconsciously processed - ex: Braille (with eventual practice it becomes instantly readable & Unconsciously processed)
52
anesthesia
induces UNRESPONSIVENESS + AMNESIA
53
Isolated Forearm Technique (IFT)
blood flow cut off to arm shows movement even thru anesthesia → patients an be aware & responsive during anesthesia
54
when does consciousness vanish under anesthesia?
when anesthetics produce func. disconnection across Brain → INTERRUPTING CORTICAL COMMUNICATION (blocking ability to integrate info)
55
role of Thalamus
'consciousness switch'
56
Determinism
universe runs by deterministic laws of physics - "predetermined" - free will is an illusion
57
Moral Responsibility
if we are NOT free to choose own actions then → we are not responsible for them
58
epistemic randomness
uncertainty due to lack of knowledge
59
ONTOLOGICAL randomness
event truly random by own nature - SUPERPOSITION (element can be at 2 states at same time) → schrodinger's cat: both dead an alive in a box -whichever it ends up as when u open box is truly ontologically random
60
what is requirement for free will?
ontological randomness
61
what areas of the brain in are active during voluntary actions (volition)?
-SMA (supplementary motor area) -ACC (anterior cingulate cortex) -Broca's area
62
what areas of the brain in are active during involuntary actions
-cerebellum -premotor cortex
63
damage to brain
lesion to left frontal lobe (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) - reduces cogn. flexibility & inhibition preSMA - automatic action in response to environ. trigger Prefrontal cortex & corpus callosum - alien hand syndrome (hand has own free will)
64
libet on voluntary motor actions
voluntary motor actions preceded by readiness potential (RP) -Consciousness comes too late to cause action **Concluded: consciousness can allow motor action to proceed or veto action**
65
Summary of consciousness conclusion
1. unconscious brain activity starts process of voluntary act 2. just before its carried out, consciousness may veto or allow proceed action
66
When does unconscious brain activity start process of voluntary act
500ms before act - CONSCIOUS BRAIN ACTIVITY BEGINS LATER

consciousness (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions