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Psych 104 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Evolution?

A

Change in heritable traits in a population over time

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2
Q

What is Natural Selection

A

The process by which evolution occurs

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3
Q

What is Behvaiour

A

Organism’s response to stimulus

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4
Q

What are genes?

A

traits

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5
Q

What is a genotype?

A

A person’s specific genetic makeup

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6
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The observable charecteristics due to genes

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7
Q

What is polygeneic trransmission?

A

When a number of gene pairs combine to create a single phenotypic trait

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8
Q

What is a recombinant DNA procedure?

A

Inserting combined DNA into host cell

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9
Q

What is Gene knockout procedure?

A

Alter a specific gene so It cant function

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10
Q

What is heritability?

A

How much of a variation in a characteristic within a population can be attributed to genes

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11
Q

What is concordance rate?

A

rate of co occurence of a characteristic among individuals

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12
Q

What is the Theory of Evolution?

A

Slow change in allele frequency of a population over time

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13
Q

What is a polygamous mating system?

A

Unequal contributions

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14
Q

What is natural selection

A

Characteristics that increase your likelihood of survival remain in the population and become common over time

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14
Q

What is a monogamous mating system?

A

Two parents have equal parental investment

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14
Q

What is polyandry?

A

One female, many males

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15
Q

What is polygyny?

A

One male, many females

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15
Q

What is polygynandry?

A

Many males, many females

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16
Q

What is cooperation?

A

One individual helps another and both gain advantage

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17
Q

What is altruism?

A

One individual gains advantage, other puts them above himself

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18
Q

What is Kin selected Theory?

A

Help individuals with similar genes
altruism and relatedness are directly related
K selected

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19
Q

What is Reciprocal Altruism Theory?

A

Accountability
“I help you know you help later”
R selected

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20
Q

What is sensation?

A

Stimulation of the sense organs

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21
Q

What is perception?

A

Selection, organization, interpretation of sensory input

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22
What is transduction?
process where sensations are translated to electrochemical transmission
23
What is stimulus?
Detectable input from environment
24
What is absolute threshold?
minimum amount of stimulation that an organism can detect
25
What is Just Noticeable Difference?
the smallest difference you can detect
26
What is Weber's Law
Says that it's easier to tell the difference in a change of low stimulus or high stimulus
27
What is Fechner's Law?
Subjective sensation is proportional to the logarithm of stimulus intensity
28
What is signal detection theory?
detection of stimuli involves decision processes as well as sensory processes
29
What is subliminal pereception?
registration of sensory input without conscious awareness
30
what is sensory adaption?
gradual decline in sensitivity to stimulus
31
What is frequency, amplitude, purity and wavelength
W and F: pitch A: volume P: timbre
32
What is auditory localization?
locating a sound in space
33
What is the pathway of smell (olfaction)?
Olfactory cilia > Neural Impulse > Olfactory nerve > Brain
34
What is the pathway of taste?
taste buds > neural impulse > thalamus > cortex
35
What is the pathway of sense of touch?
sensory receptors > spiral column > brainstem > cross to opposite side of brain > parietal lobe
36
What are endorphins?
Body's painkiller
37
What is the kinesthetic system?
Monitors the positions of various parts of the bod
38
What is the vestibular system?
Responds to gravity and and keeps you informed of your body in space
39
What are the receptor cells of the eye?
Rods: low light/ black and white Cones: colour/ day light
40
What is the distribution of receptor cells on the eye?
Fovea: cones Peripheral retina: rods and cones
41
what is the Visual Pathway
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus > Visual Striate Cortex > Retinotopic organization
42
What is myopia?
Inability to see distant objects clearly
43
What is hyperopia?
Inability to see near objects
44
What is additive colour mixture?
Superimposes lights
45
What is subtractive colour mixture?
Removes some wavelengths of light
46
What is trichromatic theory?
Eye has specialized receptors to red green blue
47
What is opponent process theory?
Explains afterimages
48
What are examples of monocular depth cues?
Occlusion Relative height Relative size Perspective convergence Familiar size Atmospheric perspective
49
What is binocular depth cues?
Retinal disparity Convergence
50
What is bottom up processing?
Individual elements to whole elements
51
What is top down processing?
Whole to individual elements Uses past knowledge
52
What are Gestalt principles?
humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects Figure ground Principle of proximity Principle of similarity Principle of closure Principle of good continuation Principle of common fate
53
What is figure ground?
Organize scenes to a central focus
54
WHat is common fate?
when elements move together, humans see them as a group as human nature associates objects that share a common motion
55
What is consciousness?
The awareness of external and internal stimuli
56
What is conscious?
Mental events we are aware of
57
What is pre conscious?
Events are outside of current awareness
58
What is unconscious?
Not brought into conscious awareness
59
What is awareness?
Ability to directly know and perceive
60
What is attention?
Concentration of awareness excluding other stimuli
61
What is sleep regulated by?
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
62
What is stage 1 of sleep?
Transition to light sleep (1-10 mins)
63
What is stage 2 of sleep
Deeper sleep (10-25 mins) Things start to decelerate
64
What are sleep spindles
1-2 seconds of rapid brain activity
65
What are stages 3-4 of sleep?
Slow Wave sleep (~30 mins)
66
What is hypnosis?
A systematic procedure that increases suggestability
67
What are psychoactive drugs?
Chemicals similar to those found in our brain
68
What are agonist drugs?
Drugs that increase activity of a neurotransmitter
69
What are antagonist drugs?
Drugs that inhibit or decrease activity of a neurotransmitter

Psych 104 (2 decks)

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