midterm 2 Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
What is another name for tooth decay?
A
Caries
2
Q
What is the term for the loss of minerals from the tooth?
A
Demineralization
3
Q
What is the process of replacing minerals in the tooth called?
A
Remineralization
4
Q
Which type of bacteria is primarily responsible for caries?
A
Mutans Streptococci (MS)
5
Q
Which type of bacteria produces lactic acid from carbohydrates?
A
Lactobacillus
6
Q
What is plaque?
A
Colorless, sticky mass of microorganisms that adheres to the tooth surfaces
7
Q
What does cavitation refer to?
A
Formation of a cavity or hole
8
Q
What is incipient caries?
A
Tooth decay that begins to form
9
Q
What is rampant caries?
A
Decay that develops rapidly and is widespread throughout the mouth
10
Q
What does xerostomia mean?
A
Dryness of the mouth caused by abnormal reduction in the amount of saliva
11
Q
What is pellicle?
A
Thin coating of salivary materials that are deposited on tooth surfaces
12
Q
What are fermentable carbohydrates?
A
Simple carbohydrates such as sucrose, fructose, lactose, and glucose
13
Q
What does CAMBRA stand for?
A
Managing dental caries by risk assessment
14
Q
What is the definition of gingivitis?
A
Inflammation of the gingival tissue
15
Q
What clinical sign is associated with gingivitis?
A
Redness
16
Q
What can be done to reverse gingivitis?
A
Improve brushing and flossing techniques
17
Q
What is periodontitis?
A
Inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth
18
Q
Name a systemic disease related to periodontal disease.
A
- Cardiovascular disease
- Preterm low birth weight
- Respiratory disease
19
Q
What does preventive dentistry comprise?
A
Education in proper nutrition and a plaque control program
20
Q
What is a disclosing agent?
A
Applied to teeth to make plaque visible for patient education
21
Q
What are dental sealants?
A
A layer of resin that covers the occlusal pits and fissure
22
Q
What is systemic fluoride?
A
Fluoride that is ingested and circulated throughout the body
23
Q
What is topical fluoride?
A
Fluoride that is applied directly to the teeth
24
Q
What is the key dietary factor that relates to dental caries?
A
Sugar
25
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
* Simple sugars
* Complex carbohydrates
* Dietary fiber
26
What is the term for a food that is capable of causing tooth decay?
Cariogenic
27
How many essential amino acids are there?
8
28
What is the term for the study of disease?
Pathology
29
What is a lesion?
Pathologic site
30
What is a cyst?
Noncancerous growth filled with liquid or semisolid material with a definite wall
31
What is an abscess?
Localized collection of pus anywhere in the body
32
What does granuloma refer to?
Cluster or nodule of noncancerous cells
33
What is leukoplakia?
Formation of white spots or patches on the mucosa
34
What is the term for advanced tooth decay caused by heavy use of meth?
Meth mouth
35
What is four-handed dentistry?
When a dental assistant and a dentist work together as a team to perform clinical tasks
36
What is a fulcrum in dentistry?
A finger rest used to stabilize a dental instrument or handpiece
37
What is the primary hand that the assistant uses to transfer instruments to a right-handed dentist?
Left
38
What is the main characteristic of the working end of an explorer?
Pointed
39
What is the term for the portion of the dental instrument that is used directly on the tooth surface?
Working end
40
What is the definition of friction grip?
Bur has no retention grooves in the shank end to lock into the handpiece
41
What type of handpiece uses a beam of light to remove hard and soft tissue?
Laser
42
What is a mandrel used for?
Attachment for sandpaper disc
43
What is the purpose of a fiber optic in dental handpieces?
To direct light on the tooth during use
## Footnote
High-speed handpiece lighting system.
44
What type of handpiece provides mechanical energy through water and sound vibrations?
Ultrasonic
## Footnote
Creates water and sound vibrations for dental procedures.
45
What does torque refer to in the context of dental handpieces?
Twisting or turning of the internal components of a handpiece.
46
What attachment is used for holding a sandpaper disc?
Mandrel.
47
Which dental handpiece is the most versatile?
Low-speed.
48
What is the speed range of low-speed handpiece rotations?
10,000-30,000 rpm.
49
What type of attachment on the low-speed handpiece holds a latch-type bur?
Contra-angle.
50
What is the speed of high-speed handpiece rotations?
450,000 rpm.
51
How does the high-speed handpiece keep the tooth at a proper temperature?
Through water coolant.
52
What holds a bur in place in the high-speed handpiece?
Friction Grip.
53
What helps illuminate the working field in high-speed handpieces?
Fiber optic lighting.
54
What handpiece resembles a sandblaster?
Air abrasion.
55
What type of shank bur fits into the lab handpiece?
Latch-type.
56
What is the design of a bur that is classified as 33 ½?
Inverted cone.
57
What material are restorative burs commonly made from?
Tungsten Carbide.
58
What is the primary advantage of a diamond bur?
Cutting ability.
59
A finishing bur is commonly used in procedures involving what material?
Composite resin/esthetic material.
60
What is the purpose of a dental dam bow?
Curved part of the dental dam clamp visible in the mouth.
61
What does 'beveled' refer to in the context of HEV?
End of the HEV positioned parallel to the site for better suction.
62
What does inverting the dental dam accomplish?
Creates a seal to prevent leakage of saliva.
63
What stabilizes the dental dam clamp around the anchor tooth?
Jaw.
64
What is a stylus in dental terms?
Sharp pointed tool used for cutting in dental dam.
65
What is a universal instrument in dentistry?
Instrument that can be adapted or adjusted to multiple areas of the dentition.
66
What does it mean when teeth are described as malaligned?
One tooth is overlapping another.
67
What is the septum in dental dam usage?
Piece between each pair of punched holes.
68
What does 'aspirating' mean in a dental context?
Inhale an object or material.
69
What are the two types of evacuation systems used in dental procedures?
HEV and saliva ejector.
70
What is the main function of the saliva ejector?
Remove saliva and water.
71
What materials are HVE suction tips made from?
Stainless steel and plastic.
72
What method of isolation can be used for sealant placement?
Cotton roll.
73
What technique provides moisture-free isolation for restoration type IV composite resin?
Dental dam.
74
What can irritate the lining mucosa when using a cotton roll?
If it's not moistened before removing it.
75
What does an exposed tooth mean in dental dam context?
Tooth becomes visible after the dam material is placed.
76
What stabilizes and stretches the dental dam away from the face?
Dental dam frame.
77
What type of lubricant is used to slide the dental dam material interproximal?
Water-soluble lubricant.
78
What is the punch size #5 used for?
Anchor tooth.
79
What cavity classification indicates the use of an anterior dental dam clamp on tooth #7?
Class V.
80
What grasp technique is used to hold HEV?
Pen or thumb to nose grasp.
81
Where should the HEV tip be placed if preparing a class V restoration on tooth #5?
DL surface of the tooth.
82
What is the reason for inverting the dental dam?
Prevent saliva leakage.
83
Where should the HEV tip be positioned on the tooth being prepared?
Slightly beyond the occlusal surface.
84
What is the purpose of the dental dam punch?
To create holes in the dental dam.
85
What is used to secure the dental dam clamp before positioning on the patient’s tooth?
Dental floss.
86
What equipment is used to perform a limited rinse?
Air-water syringe and HVE.
87
Where should the HEV tip be positioned if the high-speed is on the occlusal of tooth #4?
Occlusal of tooth #3.
88
What is an anesthetic?
A type of drug that produces a temporary loss of feeling or sensation.
89
What is oximetry used for in dentistry?
To determine the measurement of the oxygen concentration in the blood.
90
What does duration refer to in anesthesia?
Time from induction to complete reversal.
91
What does gauge measure in dental injections?
Thickness of an injection needle.
92
What is tidal volume in the context of anesthesia?
Amount of air inhaled with each breath.
93
What is the definition of anesthesia?
Temporary loss of feeling or sensation.
94
What is the role of a vasoconstrictor in dentistry?
To prolong anesthetic action and constrict blood vessels.
95
What does it mean to titrate a drug?
Determine the exact amount of drug to achieve desired sedation.
96
What does porous mean in dental materials?
Having openings to allow gas or fluid to pass through.
97
What is innervation?
Supply or distribution of nerves to a body part.
98
What is the lumen of an injection needle?
Hollow center.
99
What is the induction time in anesthesia?
Time from injection to anesthesia effect.
100
What does analgesia refer to?
Absence of feeling pain without being unconscious.
101
What is the use of topical anesthetics in dentistry?
To numb surface tissue.
102
What is the most frequently selected form of pain control in dentistry?
Local anesthesia.
103
Where is local anesthetic injected for numbing effect?
Near a nerve.
104
What is added to local anesthetic solutions to prolong their effect?
Epinephrine.
105
What injection technique is frequently used for maxillary teeth?
Infiltration.
106
What is the most frequently used needle size for small areas of maxillary teeth?
1-1 5/8 inch.
107
Do patients with acute infection feel the numbing sensation of local anesthesia?
No.
108
What is paresthesia?
Numbness that lasts longer than normal.
109
Who was the first dentist to offer N2O/O2 to patients?
Horace Wells.
110
What risks does the dental team face regarding N2O/O2?
Leaking gases from nasal mask, patient's exhalation, and leaking hoses.
111
When does the patient receive oxygen during N2O/O2 sedation?
At the beginning and end of the procedure.
112
What level of anesthesia allows the patient to be relaxed and fully conscious?
Analgesia.
113
What stage of anesthesia can a patient reach during general anesthesia?
Stage III.
114
Where is the safest environment for administering general anesthesia?
Hospital or surgical center.
115
What color is the oxygen tank or cylinder?
Green.
116
What should anesthetic cartridges be before use?
Enclosed in their packaging.
117
What type of anesthesia is used to anesthetize the posterior alveolar nerve?
Block anesthesia.
118
What is the size of the needle used for infiltration?
1 inch.
119
What form of topical anesthetic is recommended for controlling the gag reflex?
Spray.
120
What is the purpose of a sharps container?
Used for contaminated needles.
121
What is calculus in dental terms?
Hard, mineralized deposit attached to the teeth.
122
What does oral prophylaxis involve?
Complete removal of calculus, debris, stain, and plaque.
123
What is the clinical crown?
Portion of the tooth visible in the oral cavity.
124
What are intrinsic stains?
Stains within the tooth structure that cannot be removed by polishing.
125
What are extrinsic stains?
Stains on external surfaces that can be removed by polishing.
126
What technique is used to remove plaque and stains from coronal surfaces?
Rubber cup polishing.
127
What is the purpose of coronal polishing?
Remove stains and plaque.
128
What does selective polishing involve?
Polishing only teeth with stain.
129
What is the most recommended technique for stain removal?
Rubber cup polishing.
130
What is the recommended grasp for the handpiece?
Pen grasp.
131
What is the purpose of a fulcrum in dental procedures?
Provide stability to the hand.
132
What precaution should be taken when using a bristle brush?
Not to traumatize the tissue.
133
On which tooth surface should coronal polishing begin?
Distal surface of most posterior.
134
What consequence can arise from using a prophy cup at a high speed?
It can cause frictional heat.
135
What position should the patient's head be in to access the maxillary anterior teeth?
Chin upward.
