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Midterm 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

A vaccination program should be combined with (2)

A

Proper nutrition & management practice

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1
Q

The mechanical act of administering a vaccine for the purpose of developing immunity in an animal is

A

A vaccination

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2
Q

Management practices are

A

Stress & sanitary measures

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3
Q

Antigen or antibodies of disease who’s causative agents have been identified is known as

A

Biological Agents

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4
Q

Preparation of killed, living or attenuated microorganisms introduced into the body to produce immunity to a disease is known as a

A

Vaccine

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5
Q

Name 5 forms of vaccines

A 
Living virus
Attenuated/Modified 
Killed
Bacterins
Toxoids
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6
Q

This vaccine does not cause healthy animals to contract a disease. Its used to stimulate antibody production against a virus

A

Living Virus Vaccine

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7
Q

This vaccines organism will stimulate antibody formation without producing disease symptoms. Growth and subsequent change in an organism in an animal

A

Attenuated/Modified

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8
Q

This vaccine uses Physical or chemical agents are used to destroy a pathogenic organism

A

Killed Vaccine

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9
Q

This vaccine suspensions of killed pathogens bacteria used to stimulate immunity

A

Bacterins

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10
Q

This vaccine is a physical or chemical inactivated toxin

A

Toxoids

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11
Q

Viral Vaccines

A

Must be propagated in living tissue. Originally grown in host animal. Grown in chick embryos. Currently propagated in tissue cultures

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12
Q

Bacterial Vaccines

A

Propagated in many environments. Weak antigens

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13
Q

Bacterial Vaccines: weak antigens (adjuvant is)

A

Acts to increase favorable immunity by slowing down absorption

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14
Q

Anti-Serums

A

Hyper-immune animal passive immunity. Large volume

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15
Q

Hyperimmune Goblins

A

Fractionation Process, yields a product which is chemically pure, bacteriologically sterile suspension of pure gamma globulins

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16
Q

Name the 4 modes of germicidal action

A

Oxidation
Coagulation
Chemical reactions
Removal of water or elements that form water

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17
Q

What is oxidation

A

Oxygen combining chemically with germ or actually oxidizes or burns it

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18
Q

What is coagulation

A

Fluid state substance forms a clot

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19
Q

What is chemical reaction

A

Germs form new complex compounds which are free from harmful qualities

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20
Q

Desirable characteristics in germicides

A

Low price
Effective at ordinary temps
Organic products
Effective after it has been diluted with water

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21
Q

What is Blue Tongue

A

Non contagious viral disease that affects ruminants

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22
Q

How is Blue Tongue transmitted

A

Culicoides (biting midges)
Placenta to offspring
Infected semen

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23
Q

Treatment for Blue Tongue

A

No treatmentn

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24
What causes Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis
Lentivirus | Immunologic
25
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis: transmitted
Blood | Colostrum (pooled)
26
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis: treatment
None
27
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis is endemic in
North america
28
What is Bovine Tuberculosis
Fatal infection that may affect almost any tissue of the body mainly lungs
29
Bovine Tuberculosis: causative agent
Mycobacterium
30
How is Bovine Tuberculosis transmitted
Inhalation aerosols
31
Zoonotic status for Bovine Tuberculosis
Yes human to animal
32
Symptoms for Bovine Tuberculosis
``` Weight loss Lack of appetite Weakness Low grade fever Cough Difficulty breathing ```
33
Diagnosis for Bovine Tuberculosis
TB test
34
Economic status of Bovine Tuberculosis
Michigan deer hunting
35
What is Canine Parvovirus
Highly contagious viral illness that affects dogs
36
Canine Parvovirus takes two forms they are
Intestinal and cardiac
37
Symptoms for Canine Parvovirus
Vomit Bloody diarrhea Fever Lethargy
38
Canine Parvovirus (CPV) affects the body's ability to
Absorb nutrients
39
Canine Parvovirus is transmitted by
Direct contact or indirect contect
40
Prevention for CPV
Vaccine
41
Treatment for CPV
None
42
What is New Castle disease
Contagious fatal viral disease affecting all species of birds
43
New Castle is caused by what agent
Paramyxoviruse
44
Incubation period for New Castle disease is
2-15 days
45
New Castle is prevalent in
Hens
46
New Castle is transmitted through
Contect
47
New Castle can cause what
Lesions in part of the digestive system and hemorrhage in the gizzard
48
New Castle mainly affects what systems
Respiratory Nervous Digestive
49
General symptoms for New Castle disease is
``` Sneezing Eye neck swelling Death Greenish diarrhea Gasping for air Muscle tremors ```
50
Prevention for New Castle
Inactivated vaccine
51
Treatment for New Castle
None
52
Zoonotic status for New Castle
Mild conjunctivitis and influenza like symptoms in humans
53
What is foot rot
A bacterial disease creating dead tissue between the toes. Hoof infection commonly found in sheep, goats, cattle that rots away the foot
54
Foot Rot is caused by what agent
Fusobacterium Necrophorum anaerobic bacterium
55
Symptoms for Foot Rot
Swelling between hoof Placing tow only on the ground Yellow foul order Fever
56
Prevention for Foot Rot
Quarantine
57
Treatment for Foot Rot
Tetracycline | Foot baths
58
Contagious Ecthyma is caused by what agent
Poxviridae
59
Contagious Ecthyma is seen in which species
Sheep and goats
60
Symptoms for Contagious Ecthyma
Skin lesions lips mouth
61
Name the stages of skin lesions
Papule Vesicle Pustule Crusted lesion
62
Treatment for Contagious Ecthyma
None
63
Prevention for Contagious Ecthyma
Quarantine
64
Zoonotic status for Contagious Ecthyma
Yes
65
Bovine Viral Diarrhea is
A viral disease of cattle and ruminants
66
Bovine Viral Diarrhea is caused by which agent
Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV)
67
Symptoms for Bovine Viral Diarrhea
``` Depression Fever Stillborns/abortions Profuse bleeping Immune system damage Ulcers ```
68
Bovine Viral Diarrhea can be transmitted two ways, they are
Horizontal-after birth | Vertical-before birth
69
Bovine Viral Diarrhea: horizontal transmission is
Actue 95% cattle Acquired after birth Short term
70
Bovine Viral Diarrhea: vertical treatment
Chronic 5% cattle Utero Infected for life
71
Bovine Viral Diarrhea: prevention
Quarantine
72
Name the two strains of the Equine Virus
Equine-1(H7N7) and Equine-2(H3N8)
73
Incubation period for Equine Influenza
1-3 days
74
Zoonotic status for Equine Influenza
Can affect humans yes
75
Transmitting for Equine Influenza
Aresol and reservoirs
76
Symptoms for Equine Influenza
``` 103-106 temp Dry cough Clear eye discharge Lower limb swelling Reluctant to move ```
77
Prevention for Equine Influenza
Vaccin
78
Economic impact for Equine Influenza
The great epizootic of 1872 no horse power
79
What is Scrapie
Fatal brain disease known as mad cow
80
Scrapie is known as these 3 things
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad cow disease
81
Which countries are free from Scrapie
New Zealand and Australia
82
Scrapie began where
Great Britain
83
Symptoms for Scrapie
Behavior changes, skin irritation and posture/movement change
84
Treatment for Scrapie
None
85
Zoonotic status for Scrapie
Not transmissible to humans
86
What is Black Leg Disease
Bacterium that enters the body by ingestion that makes small punctures in the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. Fatal disease of young cattle, goats and sheep.
87
What is the causative agent for Black Leg
Clostridium chauvoei gas producing bacteria
88
Black Leg is also known as
Black Quarter | Quarter ill
89
Symptoms for Black Leg
``` Unable to walk Loses appetite Fever Shoulder,back,neck swelling Swelling will make Cracking sounds ```
90
How does Black Leg affected cattle
Gradual poisoning
91
Treatment for Black Leg
Antibiotics | Penicillin
92
Prevention for Black Leg
Clostridial vaccine
93
What is Feline Leukemia
Transmittable RNA retrovirus that inhibits the immune system and ultimately causes death
94
Transmitted for Feline Leukemia
Direct contact Bodily fluids Sharing water food bowls
95
Symptoms for Feline Leukemia
``` Weight loss Pale gums Fever Seizures Jaundice Lethargy ```
96
Treatment for Feline Leukemia
None
97
Prevention for Feline Leukemia
Vaccine
98
Causative agent for Lyme Disease
``` Borrelia Burgdorferi bacteria Ixodes Scapulari (deer and black legged tick) Ixodes Pacificus (black legged tick) ```
99
Treatment for Lyme Disease
Doxycycline Amoxicillin Ceftriaxone
100
Equine Herpesvirus causes
Abortions Respiratory disease Neurological disease
101
Symptoms for Equine Herpesvirus
``` 102 fever Nasal discharge Cough Reddish membranes Weakness Loss of coordination Brain dysfunction ```
102
Equine Herpesvirus: Transmitted
Horse to horse contact | Aerosolization
103
Equine Herpesvirus: treatment
None
104
Equine Herpesvirus: prevention
Wash hands/tack
105
What is Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV)
Enlargement and twisting of stomach
106
GDV is also known as
Bloat or twisted stomach
107
Causes of GDV
Dry food High fat food Big meals
108
Which breeds are prone to GDV
``` Great Dane St. Bernard Weimaraner Older dogs 99+lbs dogs ```
109
Symptoms for GDV
Distended stomach (rib area) Inability to vomit Hyper-salivation
110
Which was doses the stomach usually turn in GDV
Clockwise
111
Prevention of GDV
Small meals | Gastropexy
112
Treatment for GDV
Stabilization Gastric decompression Surgery
113
What is Canine Adenovirus (CAV-1)
DNA virus that causes upper respiratory tract of infection which causes Canine Hepatitis
114
Canine Adenovirus targets which organs
Liver Kidney Endothelial Cells
115
Canine Adenovirus spreads into the blood stream and localized WBCs called what
Kupffer Cells
116
Canine adenovirus is transmitted through
Feces and saliva
117
Symptoms for Canine Adenovirus
``` Blue eyes Fever Abd pain V/D Tonsillitis ```
118
Treatment for Canine Adenovirus
Blood transfusion | Eye drops
119
Prevention for Canine Adenovirus
CAV-2 vaccine
120
Canine Adenovirus can affect what other species
Wolves Coyotes Bears
121
What is Erysipelas
Infectious disease caused by a bacterium
122
Erysipelas is mainly found in which animal
Growing adult pigs
123
What is the causative agent for Erysipelas
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae
124
An outbreak of Erysipelas what seen which year and where
South Dakota in 1928
125
Erysipelas is transmitted by
Feces Urine Saliva Skin wounds
126
Erysipelas can last how long in soil or feces
6 months
127
Name the 3 clinical stages of Erysipelas
Acute septicemia Diamond Skin Disease Chronic
128
Erysipelas: acute septicemia signs are
``` Sudden death Cauliflower like lesions Fever Purple/Reddened skin on ears Abortion ```
129
Erysipelas: diamond skin disease signs
Diamond shape lesions on back and rump caused by thrombosis | Dead tissue
130
Erysipelas: chronic signs
Arthritis Endocarditis Skin necrosis
131
Erysipelas: treatment
Penicillin
132
Erysipelas: zoonotic
Can transmit to humans by direct contact
133
What is Pregnancy Toxemia
Carbohydrate metabolism disturbance that results in low sugar levels, ketosis and fatty infiltration of the liver
134
Pregnancy Toxemia affects which animals
Ewes and does
135
Pregnancy Toxemia is also known as (3)
Pregnancy Disease Twin Lamb Disease Ketosis/Lambing Paralysis
136
Symptoms for Pregnancy Toxemia
``` Off feed Head drop Poor muscle control Abortion Blind Convulsions Coma ```
137
Pregnancy Toxemia: treatment
Vitamin B Give glucose No steep changes in feed
138
Pregnancy Toxemia: prevention
Urine test Manage food Ultrasound for fetus check

sanitation (2 decks)

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