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Psychology 1100 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Emotion

A

a positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity

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2
Q

James-Lange theory

A

stimuli trigger activity in the ANS, which i turn produces and emotional experience in the brain

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3
Q

Two-Factor theory

A

emotions are inferences about the causes of physiological arousal

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4
Q

The (Blank) plays an important role in emotion; threat detector

A

amygdala

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5
Q

Appraisal

A

an evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus

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6
Q

people with damage to the (blank) can detect (blank)

A

Amygdala, happiness

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7
Q

emotions can affect our (blank)

A

vision

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8
Q

emotion regulation

A

the use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to influence one’e emotional experience

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9
Q

Reappraisal

A

?

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10
Q

emotional expression

A

and observable sign of an emotion state

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11
Q

universality hypothesis

A

emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone; originally proposed by darwin

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12
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify
(smile even though you don’t feel like it)

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13
Q

deceptive expression

A

we can control our expression of emotion

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14
Q

display rules

A

norms for the control of emotional expression

ie. intensification, deintensification, masking, neutralizing

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15
Q

people are generally (blank) lie-detectors

A

poor

college students average 2 lies/day

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16
Q

polygraph machines

A

better lie detectors, look at BP, respiration, skin conductance, ask relevant, irrelevant and control questions, looking for pinocchio response

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17
Q

Capgras syndrome

A

damage to the connections between the temporal lobe and limbic system
lack of emotional connection to friends family, believe they are imposters

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18
Q

hedonic principle

A

?

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19
Q

drive

A

internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality

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20
Q

homeostasis

A

?

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21
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

?

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22
Q

hunger signals (blank,blank) are sent to and from the brain

A

orexigenic, anorexigenic

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23
Q

Lateral = blank eating

A

initiating

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24
Q

lesion lateral =

A

no eating

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25
stimulate lateral=
supersized rat
26
ventromedial = blank eating
stop
27
lesion ventromedial =
eat until near bursting
28
stimulate ventromedial =
eat little/stop eating
29
why do people overeat
biochemical abnormalities, eating without hunger, evolutionarily predisposed to overeat
30
procreation
desire for sex is necessary for our survival
31
the hormone (blank) appears more responsible for the onset of sexual desire, while (blank) and (blank) are also involved.
DHEA Testosterone Estrogen
32
human sexual response cycle
the stages of physiological arousal during sexual activity; as pioneered by Masters and Johnson
33
terror management theory
we cope with or existential terror by developing a cultural worldview (meaningful immortality through our legacies)
34
morality-salience hypothesis
?
35
intrinsic motivation
motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding | coloring for kids
36
extrinsic motivation
motivation the take actions that are not themselves rewarding but that lead to a reward candy for coloring
37
conscious motivation
a motivation of which one is aware
38
unconscious motivation
?
39
need for achievement
the motivation to solve worthwhile problems
40
approach motivation
a motivation to experience positive outcomes | promotion focus
41
avoidance motivation
?
42
learning
experience that results in a relatively permanent change in the state of the learner
43
two main approaches to learning
classical conditioning | operant conditioning
44
classical conditioning
when a neutral stimulus produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response
45
unconditioned stimulus
something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism
46
unconditioned response
a reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus
47
conditioned stimulus
a stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response in an organism
48
conditioned response
a reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but is produced by a conditioned stimulus
49
acquisition
the phase of classical conditioning when the CS and the US are presented together
50
extinction
the gradual elimination of a learned response that occurs when the US is no longer presented
51
spontaneous recovery
the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period
52
generalization
a process by which the CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the original one used during acquisition
53
discrimination
the capacity to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli
54
second-order conditioning
conditioning where the US is a stimulus that acquired its ability to produce learning from an earlier procedure in which to was used as a CS
55
latent inhibition
difficulty in establishing classical conditioning to a CS we've repeatedly experienced alone (without the US)
56
Phobias
we can develop fears of many stimuli, but some are more common that others
57
fetishes
sexual attraction to nonliving things
58
disgust reactions
CSs associated with disgusting USs come to elicit disgust themselves
59
operant conditioning
a type of learning in which the consequences of an organisms behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future
60
law of effect
the principle that behaviors that are followed by a 'satisfying state of affairs' then to be repeated and those that are produced and 'unpleasant state of affairs' are less likely to be repeated
61
operant behavior
behavior that an organism produces that has some impact on the environment; coined by BF Skinner
62
reinforcer
any stimulus or event that functions to increase the likelihood of the behavior that led to it; more effective that punishment in promoting learning
63
punisher
any stimulus or event that functions to decrease the likelihood of the behavior that led to it
64
primary reinforcers
satisfy biological needs
65
secondary reinforces
associated with primary reinforcers
66
overjustification effect
circumstances when external rewards can undermine the intrinsic satisfaction of performing a behavior
67
positive reinforcement
positive outcome or consequence of a behavior strengthens the probability of the behavior
68
negative reinforcement
removal of a negative outcome or consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior
69
positive punishment
addition of unpleasant consequence of a behavior that decreases the probability of the behavior
70
negative punishment
removal of a pleasant consequence of a behavior that decreases the probability of the behavior
71
three-term contingency
discriminative stimulus, response, reinforcer
72
fixed interval schedule
reinforcements are presented at fixed time periods, provided that appropriate response is made
73
variable interval schedule
behavior is reinforced based on an average time that has expired since the last reinforcement
74
fixed ratio schedule
reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been made
75
variable ratio schedule
the delivery of reinforcement is based on a particular average number of responses
76
intermittent reinforcement
when only some of the responses made are followed by reinforcement; produce slightly higher rates of responding and are more resistant to extinction (intermittent-reinforcement effect)
77
shaping
learning that results from the reinforcement of successive steps to a final desired behavior
78
superstitions
rare or odd behaviors may be repeated if they are accidentally reinforced, which may lead to mistaken beliefs regarding causal relationships
79
Premack Principle
principle that a less frequently performed behavior can be increased in frequency by reinforcing it a more frequent behavior pair behavior you don't like with behavior you do like
80
observational learning
a condition in which learning takes place by watching the actions of others
81
diffusion chain
a process in which individuals initially learn a behavior by observing another individual perform that behavior, and then serve as a model from which other individuals learn the behavior
82
bobo doll experiment
children imitated and created own aggressive acts on bobo doll after watching adults play agressively
83
pigeons have used BLANK learning to learn to get reinforced for pecking behavior
observational
84
Rhesus Monkeys learned to fear snakes through an BLANK BLANK BLANK also exemplifying biological predisposition to fear snakes
observational diffusion chain
85
chimps learned to use a novel toll through blank learning, children showed greater learning of the function of the tool
observational
86
implicit learning
learning that takes place largely without awareness of the process or the products of information acquisition
87
some forms of learning begin BLANK but become BLANK over time
explicitly | Implicit
88
habituation
a general process in which repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in response

Psychology 1100 (1 decks)

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