Midterm 2-3

Question 0

What is a silent mutation

Answer 0

Where the nitrogenous base change doesn’t change the amino acid being specified

Question 1

What is a point mutation and what does it do

Answer 1

Simple errors in DNA replication can generate point mutations, where one nitrogenous base is substituted for another. Once a point mutation is copied, it becomes incorporated into the DNA sequence permanently. A point mutation can cause a simple substitution of one amino acid for another or can sometimes cause more serious problems

Question 2

What is a missense mutation

Answer 2

Where one amino acid is substituted for another

Question 3

What is a nonsense mutation

Answer 3

Where a stop codon is generated at the site of the mutational change

Question 4

What is a frameshift mutation

Answer 4

Which can be generated when the point mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a nitrogenous base from the gene sequence

Question 5

What is an inversion mutation

Answer 5

When a region of a chromosome becomes inverted within its location. This type of mutation is especially harmful to genes at the end of the inversion, as the rearrangement may break the gene apart, generating null mutation

Question 6

What is a translocation mutation

Answer 6

When a region of a chromosome is accidentally moved to another chromosome is accidentally moved to another chromosome. This mutation can harm the DNA that has moved but may also harm genes at the site of insertion