Midterm 2

Question 1

What is trailertracking

Answer 1

When there is overhang on the front of the vehicle that makes the need for a wider turn radius and road width

Question 2

L=

Answer 2

Length of curve

10(I)/D

Question 3

T=

Answer 3

Subtanget

Rtan(I/2)

Question 4

C=

Answer 4

Long chord

Just straight line from BC to EC

Question 5

PI

Answer 5

Point of intersection of the tangents

Question 6

I=

Answer 6

Intersection angle

The change in bearing overall

Question 7

Dm=

Answer 7

Metric degree of curvature for each chord

573/R

Question 8

D/2=

Answer 8

The first and last turn angle in a road curve

Question 9

Dnew=

Answer 9

Chordlength/10 * Dm

Question 10

Chordnew=

Answer 10

L (length curve) / desired number of chords

Question 11

What kind of terrain is needed for switchback?

Answer 11

Wide area (+-) 40m,

Question 12

Why do we draw profiles?

Answer 12

Catch mistakes before building road

Instructions for the road crew

Question 13

what is a p line

Answer 13

First traversed line

Question 14

What is an L line?

Answer 14

Final road location after design corrections

Question 15

Two types of road plans

Answer 15

Plan view (horizontal) amd profile view (verticle)

Question 16

How many times is the profile road plan exaggerated on the vertical axis?

Answer 16

10 times

Question 17

Things a profile might show

Answer 17

Ground line
L line
Culverts
Material types
Side slopes

Question 18

A cross section might have…

Answer 18

Top of cut
Bottom of cut
Road centre line
Surface width
Roadway width
Subgrade
Basecourse

Question 19

The three tasks of site prep for road building

Answer 19

Clearing (woody debris and overburden)
Grubbing (stumps and such)
Stripping (clearing the cut)
Withan excavator

Question 20

What about excavation in road building?

Answer 20

Thats move material after site prep, like rock other material (organics)

Question 21

Materials for road building

Answer 21

No organics
Rock (which might need blasting or ripping)
Other material includes gravel and sand)

Question 22

Unstabalized grade

Answer 22

Construction of roadway before surfacing

Question 23

Grading as a term in road building

Answer 23

Rough excavation to form roadbed

Question 24

Surfacing or ballasting

Answer 24

Creating running surface

Question 25

What is the mof atandards for class 5 roads?

Answer 25

5m stabalizaed width .5m ditch depth 20m clearing width

Question 26

Bank volume, loose volume and compacted volume

Answer 26

This rfers to the expansion and compaction factors of materials

Question 27

What is the organic matter compaction factor?

Answer 27

0.75 Meaning 1cubic meter of om will fill a 0.75 cubic meter hole

Question 28

What two things happen when you blast rock from a hillside?

Answer 28

Overbreak and expansion (1.15 factor)

Question 29

How much of a grade change can you have in 10m distance?

Answer 29

3%

Question 30

How do you determine avergage grade and the cut for a certain grade

Answer 30

Find the Difference in Elevation for each HD length using the slope percent.then add them and divde by total HD for average slope To get the cut, find the DE by multiplying the total HD by desired grade percent, and the diffference between that and the ground DE is the cut

Question 31

How much sediment in streams is due to roads?

Answer 31

80%

Question 32

Key things to remember in culvert design

Answer 32

Maintain surface drainage patterns | Ditches and crossdrains Should not discharge directly into streams

Question 33

Building more roads uphill

Answer 33

Direct more groundwater into surface water and culverts downhill need to be larger

Question 34

The three things to keep in mind if you wa t a stable road

Answer 34

Keep natural drainage patters Have properly sized culverts Redistribute water back onto hillsides with cross drain culverts

Question 35

Water strategies

Answer 35

``` 1 culvert every stream 2.vary crossdrain frequency with road grade and erodability 3 outsloperoads 4 ditchless roads 5 avoid steepsidehills and big cuts 6 overland roads 7. Avoid long continuous grades 8 armour ditches ```

Question 36

Different between bridge and culvert

Answer 36

Culvert covered with soil and below road surface | Crossdrain culverts dont go into streams, just one side road to another

Question 37

How big is a major culvert

Answer 37

2000mm or greater

Question 38

What kinds of crossings can forest techs build?

Answer 38

Single spans less that 6m and

Question 39

What is recurrence period?

Answer 39

Time interval between events

Question 40

The Q100 is

Answer 40

Three times the area of a stream

Question 41

Q10=

Answer 41

CiA*360 C- coefficient of runoff I- rainfall intensity A- drainage area

Question 42

How do you get q100 then?

Answer 42

Q10*1.6

Question 43

When you find I...

Answer 43

Add 10%

Question 44

What HW clearance does jim like to use?

Answer 44

80%

Question 45

Feric (forest engineering research institute of canada) realized what caused slowness of trucking time?

Answer 45

1- loading time as a function of piece size 2- truck types didnt matter much 3- road standard has big impact 4- road conditions and knowinf there were delays at landings caused slowing down 5- 10ft bunks least cost for them

Question 46

How can one increase productivity wit trucks?

Answer 46

``` Good dispatching Correct number of trucks Load to full capacity Improve roads Trade off between road costs and trucking costs ```

Question 47

How might trucks brake on hills?

Answer 47

Below 18% with engine retarder | Service brakes above 18%

Question 48

What is brake fade?

Answer 48

Whem the brake drum expands after excessive braking due to heat

Question 49

The three key parameters in efficient and safe braking

Answer 49

Length of grade Steepness of grade Traction conditions (13% limit in ice or snow)

Question 50

The largest vehicles on forest roads

Answer 50

Lowbeds and yarders | Not trucks