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Adolescent Psychology > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Emotional Autonomy

A

the establishment of more adult like and less childish close relationships with family members and peers

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2
Q

Behavioral Autonomy

A

The capacity to make independent decisions and to follow through with them

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3
Q

Cognitive Autonomy

A

The establishment of independent set of values, opinions, and beliefs!

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4
Q

Detachment

A

in Psychoanalytic theory, the process through which adolescents sever emotional attachments to their parents or other authority figures

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5
Q

Individuation

A

The progressive sharpening of an individual’s sense of being an autonomous, independent person

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6
Q

Psychological Control

A

Parenting that attempts to control the adolescent’s emotions and opinions

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7
Q

Prosocial Behavior

A

Behaviors intended to help others

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8
Q

Peer Groups

A

Groups of individuals of approximately the same age

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9
Q

Age grading

A

the process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of age

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10
Q

Baby boom

A

The period following WWII, during which the number of infants born was extremely large

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11
Q

Cliques

A

Small, Tightly knit groups between 2 and 12 friends, generally the same age and sex

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12
Q

Crowds

A

Large loosely organized groups of young people, composed several cliques and typically organized around a common shared activity

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13
Q

Ethnography

A

A type of research in which individuals are observed in their natural setting

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14
Q

Reference Groups

A

A group which and individual compares themselves against

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15
Q

Gangs

A

Organized peer groups of antisocial individuals

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16
Q

iatrogenic effects

A

Unintended adverse consequences of a treatment or intervention (bad side effects)

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17
Q

Sociometric popularity

A

How well-liked a person is

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18
Q

Perceived popularity

A

How much status or prestige an individual has

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19
Q

Instrumental aggression

A

Aggressive behavior that is deliberate and planned

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20
Q

Reactive aggression

A

Aggressive behavior that is unplanned and impulsive

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21
Q

Relational aggression

A

Act intended to harm another through the manipulation with their relationships with others, as in malicious gossip

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22
Q

Hostile attributional bias

A

The tendency to interpret ambitious interactions with others as deliberately hostile

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23
Q

Cyberbullying

A

Bullying that occurs over the internet or via cell phone

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24
Q

Platonic relationship

A

Non-sexual relationships with peers who might otherwise be romantic partners

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25
Attachment
The strong affectional bond that develops better infant and caregiver
26
Secure Attachment
A healthy attachment between infant and caregiver, characterized by trust
27
Anxious-**avoidant** attachment
An **insecure** attachment between infant and caregiver, characterizes by **indifference** on the part of the infant **toward the caregiver**
28
Anxious-**resistant** Attachment
An **insecure** attachment between infant and caregiver, characterized by **distress** by the infant **at separation** and **angered at the reunion**
29
Internal working Model
The implicit **model of** interpersonal **relationships** that an **individual employs** throughout life, believed to be shaped by early attachment experiences
30
Rejection sensitivity
Heightened vulnerability to being rejected by others
31
Adult Attachment Interview
A structural interview used to assess an individuals past attachment history and "internal working model" of relationships
32
LGBTQ youth
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning youth, sometimes referred to as sexual-minority
33
Sexual-minority youth
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning youth
34
Autoerotic behavior
**Sexual behavior** that in experience **alone**, such as masturbating or sexual fantasizing
35
Testosterone
One of the sex hormones secreted by the gonads found in both sexes but in higher levels among males than females
36
Risk factors
Factors that increase the likelihood of some behavior or condition
37
Sexual socialization
the process through which adolescents are **exposed to and educated** about sexuality
38
Date rape
being forced by a date to have sex against ones will
39
Comprehensive high school
an educational institution that evolved during the first half of the twentieth century, offering a varied curriculum and designed to meed the needs of a diverse population of adolescents
40
Social promotion
the practice of **promoting students** from one grade to the next **automatically**, *regardless of their school performance*
41
Critical thinking
Thinking that involves **analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information**, rather than simply memorizing it
42
Standards-based reform
Policies **designed to improve achievements** by holding schools and **students to a predetermined set of standards** measured by achievement tests
43
Common care
A proposed set of **standards in language arts and mathematics** that all American schools would be expected to use
44
Charter schools
public schools that have been given the autonomy to establish their **own curricula** and teaching practices
45
School vouchers
Government subsidized vouchers that can be used for private school tuition
46
Junior high school
and educational institution designed during the early era of public secondary education, in which young adolescents are schooled separately from older adolescents
47
Middle school
an educational institution housing 7th-8th grade students alone with adolescents 1 or 2 years younger
48
Tracking
the separation of students into **ability groups**, so that they take classes with peers at the **same skill level**
49
Gifted students
students who are **unusually talented** in some aspect of intellectual performance
50
learning disability
a difficulty with academic tasks that cannot be traced to an emotional problem or sensory dysfunction
51
Dyslexia
Impaired ability in reading or spelling
52
Dysgraphia
impaired ability in **handwriting**
53
Dyscalculia
impaired ability in arithmetic
54
Mainstreaming
the integration of adolescents who have educational handicaps into regular classrooms
55
Big fish-little pond effect
the reason that individuals who attend high school with high achieving peers feel worse about themselves that comparably successful individuals than with lower achieving peers
56
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
a biologically based psychological disorder characterized by impulsivity, inattentiveness and restlessness, often in school situation
57
Social capital
the **interpersonal resources** available to an adolescent or family
58
Student engagement
the extent to which students are **physiologically committed to learning** and mastering the material rather than just completing the assigned work
59
Zero tolerance
a **tougher approach** to adolescent misbehavior that responds seriously to excessively to the **first infraction**
60
Non-cognitive factors
Influences on achievement that do not have to do with intellectual ability, such as **determination, perseverance, and grit**
61
delay of gratification
the **capacity to wait longer** to get a larger better or more valuable reward instead of a smaller less attractive, or less valuable one that is available immediately
62
Underachievers
individuals whose actual **performance is lower** than what would be expected on the basis of objective measures of their aptitude or intelligence
63
self-handicapping
**Deliberately** behaving in ways that will likely **interfere with doing well**, in order to have an excuse of failing
64
Mastery motivation
*motivation to succeed* based in the **pleasure** one will experience from the **mastering** of a task
65
Performance motivation
*motivation to succeed* based on the **rewards** one will receive for successful performance
66
Stereotype threat
the harmful effect that expose to stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability has on student performance
67
Self-efficacy
the sense that an individual has some **control** over their life
68
Achievement attributions
the beliefs an individual holds the causes of their successes and failures
69
Learned helplessness
the **acquired belief** that an individual is **not able to induce** **change** through their own efforts or actions
70
Cultural capital
the resources provided within a family through the expose of the adolescent to art, music, literature, and other elements of "high culture"
71
Social capital
the interpersonal resources available to an adolescent or family
72
School performance
a measure of achievement based on an individuals **grades in school**
73
academic achievement
achievements that is measured by standardized tests or scholastic ability or knowledge
74
Educational attainment
the **number of years** of schooling competed by an individual
75
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
A periodic testing of American **4th, 8th, and 12th graders** by the federal government used to **track achievement**
76
Work Values
the particular sorts of **rewards** an individual **looks for in a job** (intrinsic, extrinsic, influence, leisure)
77
Social promotion
The practice of promoting students from one grade to the next **regardless of their school performance**
78
Occupational Attainment
A measure of achievement based on the **status or prestige of** the **job an individual holds**
79

Adolescent Psychology (3 decks)

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