Midterm 2

Question 1

Behavioural pathogens

Answer 1

Health damaging behaviours

Question 2

Behavioural immunogens

Answer 2

Health protective behaviours

Question 3

Addiction

Answer 3

Physically or psychologically dependent on a substance following use over a period of time

Question 4

State that occurs when the body has adjusted the substance and incorporates the use of that substance into the normal functioning

Answer 4

Physical Dependence

Question 5

Process by which the body increasingly adapts to the use of a substance, requiring larger and larger doses of it to obtain the same effects

Answer 5

Tolerance

Question 6

Craving

Answer 6

Strong desire to engage in a behaviour or consume a substance; seems to result from a physical dependence and from a conditioning process

Question 7

The unpleasant symptoms (both psychological and physical) that people experience when they stop using a substance on which they have become dependent.

Answer 7

Withdrawal

Question 8

Problem drinking

Answer 8

Substantial social, psychological, and medical problems

Question 9

Alcoholism

Answer 9

Involves physical dependency (high tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, lack control over their drinking), social, psychological problems

Question 10

Consequences of Smoking

Answer 10

Increase in risk of premature death, CHD, Cancers of the respiratory

Question 11

Overall, smoking has ____ except in college students

Answer 11

Decreased

Question 12

Smoking is the leading _____ cause of ____ and ____

Answer 12

Preventable, mortality, morbidity

Question 13

Smoking has a _____ relapse rate than alcohol

Answer 13

Higher

Question 14

Obesity

Answer 14

Having a body mass index of 30 or greater

Question 15

BMI

Answer 15

Body Mass Index

Question 16

Consequences of Obesity

Answer 16

Coronary heart disease, Type II diabetes, Gallbladder disease, Hypertension, Osteoarthritis

Question 17

Primary Prevention

Answer 17

To avoid the development of disease

Question 18

Secondary Prevention

Answer 18

To diagnose and treat an existing disease in its early stages before it results in significant morbidity

Question 19

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 19

To reduce the negative impact of established disease by restoring function and reducing disease-related complications

Question 20

Binge Eating Disorder

Answer 20

Consuming large quantities of food

Question 21

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 21

An obsessive disorder amounting to self-starvation, in which an individual diets and exercises to the point that body weight is grossly below optimum level, threatening health and potentially leading to death.

Question 22

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 22

Habitual overeating followed by self-induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 23

Prevention: 3 Levels:

Answer 23

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

Question 24

Involves modifying the environment in ways that affects people’s ability to practice in a particular behaviour

Answer 24

Social Engineering

Question 25

Involves modifying the environment in ways that affects people's ability to practice in a particular behaviour

Answer 25

Social Engineering

Question 26

Unintentional injuries are a major cause of _____ death

Answer 26

Preventable

Question 27

Recent years have seen _____ in the use of accident prevention measures, especially car safety restraints for children and bicycle helmets

Answer 27

Increases

Question 28

Immunity is provided to an individual by introducing a small amount of antigen

Answer 28

Vaccination

Question 29

_____ and _____ most common cause of death and disability among children

Answer 29

Poisonings, falls

Question 30

______ situation: more attentive to symptoms

Answer 30

Boring

Question 31

_____ busy: More likely to recognize a symptom

Answer 31

Less

Question 32

Three main stages of illness behaviours:

Answer 32

Recognition, seeking treatment, adhering to treatment

Question 33

Worried that normal bodily symptoms are indicators of illness.

Answer 33

Hypochondriacs

Question 34

Characterized by negative emotions, self-consciousness, and a concern with bodily functions. May exaggerate symptoms or may be more attentive to real symptoms

Answer 34

Neuroticism

Question 35

Other Individual differences

Answer 35

Confirmation bias, Attribution or misattribution, perceptions of pain- pain threshold

Question 36

The effect of mood: _____ mood= Healthy _____ mood= Report more symptoms

Answer 36

Positive, negative

Question 37

5 Components to Illness Schema

Answer 37

Identity, Consequences, Causes, Duration, Cure

Question 38

What contributes to the interpretation of symptoms (3)

Answer 38

Prior experience, expectations, seriousness of the symptoms

Question 39

Most people have ____ disease models of illness. They are:

Answer 39

3. Acute, chronic, cyclic

Question 40

What contributes to a lay referral network?

Answer 40

Family and friends, preferred method of treatment (elder in a community), ethnic communities (may recommend home remedies)

Question 41

Factors predicting the use of health services (7)

Answer 41

Age, Gender, Social norms, economic factors, socialization, attitudes and beliefs, and culture: access and linguistic barriers

Question 42

Stages of Delay (7)

Answer 42

Appraisal delay, Illness delay, Behavioural delay, Sceduling delay, Treatment delay, Medical delay, Total patient delay

Question 43

Delay between the detection of symptoms and inferring illness

Answer 43

Appraisal delay

Question 44

Delay between inferring illness and deciding to seek medical attention

Answer 44

Illness delay

Question 45

Delay between deciding to seek medical attention and making an appointment

Answer 45

Behavioural delay

Question 46

Delay between making an appointment and receiving medical attention

Answer 46

Scheduling delay

Question 47

Delay between first receiving medical attention and beginning treatment

Answer 47

Treatment delay

Question 48

Medical delay

Answer 48

Delay between scheduling delay and treatment delay

Question 49

Total patient delay

Answer 49

The sum of all the delays, from first noticing symptoms to beginning treatment

Question 50

_____ major models of interaction:

Answer 50

Three. Active-passive model, guidance- cooperation model, mutual- cooperation model

Question 51

What factors impede effective communication?

Answer 51

Patient consumerism, setting, structure of the delivery system

Question 52

Adherence

Answer 52

The extent to which a patient's behaviour matches his or her practitioner's advice

Question 53

What is creative nonadherance?

Answer 53

Patients will directly disobey their doctor's orders. Patients will modify and supplement their treatment plans

Question 54

Adherence is increased when: (6)

Answer 54

``` Patients decide to adhere They feel the provider cares about them They understand what to do Good communication is used They have received clear, written instructions They have good family support ```

Question 55

Asks closed-ended questions and allows discussion | Ignores attempts to discuss other problems

Answer 55

Provider-centered

Question 56

Asks open-ended questions and allows discussion | Avoids jargon and encourages participation

Answer 56

Patient-centered

Question 57

Consequences of Bad/ Imprecise Communication

Answer 57

Confusion Nonadherence Decreased patient satisfaction

Question 58

Barriers to patient-provider communication

Answer 58

``` Standard response Jargon Robotic response One-word question No empathy ```