Midterm #2 Flashcards
(38 cards)
The components of culture:
Symbols Language Values Norms Material objects
Symbols:
Anything the meaningfully represents something else to others
Words, numbers, pictures, colours, gestures, facial expressions, etc
Language:
Set of symbols that express ideas and enabled people to think and communicate with one another
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
language shapes how we think, perceive and thus experience the world
Values:
- Collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable
- Provide the criteria for evaluating people, objects, and events
Norms:
- Established rules of behaviour or standards of conduct
- May be formal or informal, consists of folkways, mores, taboos, laws
Material culture:
Physical and tangible human creations:
tools, artifacts, and technologies
Non material culture:
Abstract or intangible human creations: symbols, norms, and values
Non material culture:
Abstract or intangible human creations: symbols, norms, and values
Social structure:
- Stable pattern of social relationships that exist within a particular group or society
- We all depend on one another in all social interactions, mutual interaction
Social interaction:
Process by which people act toward or respond to other people
Components of Social Structure:
Status
Roles
Groups
Social Institution
Status:
A socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights and duties
Status set:
all of the structures that make up a person over a given time; implies relationships to other people
Ascribed status:
attributes assigned at birth, or gained later in life (not chosen)
Achieved Status:
spical postion a person assumer sovluntarity thorugh merit
Master Status:
most important status, dominate over all others, determines a person’s social position
Role:
a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status
We hold a status and perform a role
Role Expectation:
society’s thinking of how a role should be played
Role Performance:
how a person actually plays a role
Role Ambiguity:
occurs when roles expectations are unclear
Role Conflict:
occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person with two or more statuses
Role Overload:
when the total number of statuses and role sets overwhelms all activity
Role Strain:
when incompatible role demands build into a single status
