midterm 2 Flashcards
(52 cards)
1
Q
Aeschines
A
- Greek statesman
- classical period
- wrote the speech Against Timarchus, which was a speech against Timarchus accusing him of prostituting himself and wasting his inheritance, thus not making fit to be in office
2
Q
Aeschylus
A
- ancient Greek tragedian
- classical period
- wrote Myrmidons saying that in the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus, Achilles is the erostes
- wrote play Agamemnon
3
Q
Agamemnon
A
- son of Atreus
- king of Mycenae
- supreme commander of Greek army at Troy
- brother of Menelaus
- husband of Clytemnestra
- father of Iphigeneia
- murdered by Clytemnestra and her lover
4
Q
Agamemnon (play)
A
- by Aeschylus
- classical period
- describes the homecoming of Agamemnon from the Trojan War and his return to his home and wife who has been planning his murder
5
Q
Ajax
A
- Achaean
- son of Telamon
- commander of the contingent from Salamis, -
- brother of Teucer
- second greatest warrior of Greece but lost out to Odysseus in the competition for the arms of Achilles after the latter’s death
- he killed himself
6
Q
Andromache
A
- daughter of Eetion
- wife of Hector
- princess of Troy
- mother of Astyanax
- after the war, the slave concubine of Neoptolemus and mother of a child with him
7
Q
Artemis
A
- daughter of Zeus and Leto
- twin sister of Apollo
- goddess of the hunt, childbirth, and virginity
- in some versions she takes Iphigeneia away and puts a deer in her place
8
Q
Astyanax
A
- infant son of Hector and Andromache
- Odysseus ordered he be hurled from the walls of Troy when the Greeks sacked the city
9
Q
Briseis
A
- daughter of Briseus
- taken captive by the Greeks in their raids on the Trojan countryside
- given as a war prize to Achilles
- when Achilles defied him, Agamemnon confiscated her as a punishment
- returned to him after Patroclus’ death
10
Q
Cassandra
A
- daughter of Priam and Hecuba
- princess of Troy
- inspired prophetess of Apollo
- when Troy was captured she sought refuge at the Tempe of Athena but was raped by Ajax
- after the war she was brought home by Agamemnon as his concubine
- murdered by Clytemnestra
11
Q
Chryseis
A
- daughter of Chryses
- captive of Agamemnon
- when her father came to retrieve her, Agamemnon refused and insulted him, leading to her father calling upon Apollo to send a plague to punish the Greek army
- Achilles publicly urged Agamemnon to return Chryseis to stop the plague
12
Q
Cleopatra
A
- daughter of Idas and Marpessa
- called Halcyon by her parents
- wife of Meleager
13
Q
Clytemnestra
A
- wife of Agamemnon
- Queen of Mycenae
- kills Agamemnon
- mother of Iphigeneia and Orestes
- killed by Orestes
14
Q
Erastes
A
- lover
- an older adult male in a homosexual relationship with an adolescent boy
- protector and guardian of the eromenos
- dominant partner
15
Q
Eromenos
A
- beloved
- an adolescent boy in a homosexual relationship with an older male
- beardless
16
Q
Euripides
A
- Greek tragedian
- wrote plays in Athens during the classical period
- wrote Helen, The Trojan Women, and Iphigeneia at Aulis
17
Q
Ganymede
A
- a beautiful Trojan Prince
- abducted by Zeus to serve as his cupbearer on Olympus
18
Q
Hecuba
A
- queen of Troy
- wife of Priam
- mother of Hector, Paris, Cassandra, and Polyxena
- given to Odysseus to be his slave after the fall of Troy
19
Q
Helen
A
- daughter of Zeus (or Tyndareus) and Leda
- wife of Menelaus
- queen of Sparta
- her elopement with Paris caused the Trojan War according to some texts
- in others she was never physically present at Troy during the war
20
Q
Iphigeneia at Aulis
A
- classical period
- play by Euripides
- eldest daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra
- when adverse winds blocked the Greek fleet at Aulis from sailing to Troy, she was sacrificed to Artemis there by her father
- in some versions Artemis spirited her away and put a deer in her place
21
Q
Islands of the Blessed
A
A legendary, utopian island where a few heroes enjoyed a blissful life after death
22
Q
Judgment of Paris
A
- contest between Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite for the prize to be named the most beautiful
- occurred at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, -Paris was the judge and chose the winner to be Aphrodite in exchange for union with Helen
- known as one of the events that led to the Trojan War
23
Q
Laocoon
A
- a Trojan priest who tried to warn the Trojans against accepting the wooden horse from the Greeks
- Athena sent her sea-serpents to strangle Laocoon and his sons
- a monument that was made during the Hellenistic period
24
Q
Lucian
A
- imperial period
- Greek- speaking Syrian satirist in the cosmopolitan and diverse Roman Empire
- wrote A True History
25
Madeline Miller
- contemporary writer
| - wrote The Song of Achilles
26
Maenad
A female worshipper of Dionysus
27
Meleager
- son of Oeneus and Althaea
- prince of Aetolians in Calydon
- husband of Cleopatra
- killed by his mom
28
Melian Dialogue
- a dramatic set-piece debate in the History of the Peloponnesian War
- by Thucydides
- his account of the 27- year long struggle between the powerful Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta
29
Menelaos (Menelaus)
- son of Atreus
- brother of Agamemnon
- king of Sparta
- husband of Helen
- father of Hermione
- when Helen was taken from Sparta he invoked the oath sworn by all of her suitors and with his brother led an army to retrieve her
30
Myrmidons
- people of Phthia
- warriors from Thessaly
- ruled by King Peleus
- commanded at Troy by Achilles
31
Myrmidons (tragedy )
- by Aeschylus
- classical period
- talks about the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus
- says Achilles is the Erastes
32
Neoptolemus/ Pyrrhus
- son of Achilles and Deidameia
- joined the Trojan War after Achilles’ death
- notorious for his brutality at the sack of Troy (he killed Priam at an altar)
- afterward he took Andromache as slave and concubine
33
Oenone
- a Greek nymph
- daughter of the river god Cebren
- lived in Mount Ida
- she met the young Paris and became his lover but was deserted by him for Helen
34
Palladium
- the most sacred image of Pallas Athena
- the image supposedly didn’t allow the city that had it (Troy) to be destroyed
- stolen by Diomedes and Odysseus
35
Paris/ Alexander
- son of Priam and Hecuba
- Shepherd prince of Troy
- brother of Hector, Cassandra, and Polyxena -judge of the famous beauty contest between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite in which he awarded Aphrodite the golden apple in exchange for Helen
- he abducted Helen from Menelaus in Sparta (Iliad)
- his affair with Helen caused the Trojan War
- with the Apollo’s help he killed Achilles
36
Parthenos
A young unmarried maiden, Virgin
37
Patroclus
- Achaean, son of Menoetius
- in the Iliad he is the brother-in-arms of Achilles
- exiled from his home for accidentally killing another boy
- Patroclus found shelter in Peleus’ court where he was fostered with Achilles
- lover of Achilles in some texts
- killed by Hector
38
Pederasty
- boy lover
| - a homosexual romantic relationship between an older adult male (the Erastes) and a you get boy (the eromenos)
39
Peleus
- husband of Thetis
- father of Achilles
- king of Phthia
40
Peloponnesian War
- 431- 404 BC
- ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League (Athens) against the Peloponnesian League (Sparta) for the dominance of Greece
- Sparta defeated Athens in the end
41
Plato
- Greek philosopher
- wrote symposium
- classical period
42
Polyxena
- youngest daughter of Priam and Hecuba
- princess of Troy
- sacrifices by the Greeks to the dead Achilles after the fall of Troy
43
Sperlonga sculptures
- larger ancient sculptures
- discovered in the former villa of a Roman elite
- show scenes from the story of the Homeric hero Odysseus
- Are in Hellenistic “baroque” style, but date to the early imperial period
44
Symposium
- Plato
- classical period
- dialogue
- says love is the most ancient and most powerful thing; love is everything
- also Achilles is the eromenos since he is younger than Patroclus and more beautiful
45
Talthybius
- a Greek herald at Troy
- character in the Trojan Women
- delivers messages from the Greeks to the captive Trojan Women and informs them of their fate
46
The Song of Achilles
- by Madeleine Miller
- contemporary period
- novelistic retelling of the Iliad, but from the perspective of Patroclus, who narrates the love affair between himself and Achilles
47
Thetis
sea-nymph
- one of the fifty daughters of Nereus
- wife of Peleus
- mother of Achilles
- opposed to Achilles’ and Patroclus relationship
48
Trojan Women
- by Euripides
- classical period; produced in 415 BCE
- portrays the fall of Troy from the point of view of the defeated
-Euripides' commentary on Athenian atrocities committed during the Great Peloponnesian War
49
Troy: Fall of a city
- contemporary media period
- british-american miniseries on Netflix
- based on the Trojan War and the love affair between Paris and Helen
50
True History
- by Lucian
| - imperial period
51
Zeus
- king of the gods
- son of Cronus and Rhea
- brother and husband of Hera
- father of the Olympians and many mortals
- considered to have fathered Helen
- in some texts Zeus was the one who planned the Trojan War
52
Achilles
- son of Peleus and Thetis
- the greatest Greek warrior
- commander of the Myrmidons
- kills Hector
- killed by Apollo and Paris
