Midterm 2 Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
D: Adaptive Functioning
A
how effectively individuals cope with ordinary life demands, and how capable they are of living independently and abiding by community standards
2
Q
D: Angelman syndrome
A
- associated with spontaneous abnormality of chromosome 15
- usually associated with moderate to severe ID
- behaviour characterized by ataxia, jerky movements, hand flapping, seizures, and absence of speech
- facial features- large jaw and open mouth expression
3
Q
D: Cultural-Familial Group
A
- a subgroup of ID where there is no clear organic cause
- often associated with mild to moderate ID
4
Q
D: Developmental Versus Difference Controversy
A
- Asks the question: Do all children, regardless of intellectual impairments, progress through developmental milestones in a similar sequence, but at different rates? Or do they develop in a different, less sequential, less organized fashion?
5
Q
D: Difference Viewpoint
A
- argues that cognitive development of children with ID differed from that of children without ID in more than rate and upper limit
- There is something qualitatively different about processing in ID children
6
Q
D: Down Syndrome
A
Most common disorder resulting from chromosome abnormalities
- caused by have 3 chromosome 21’s instead of 2
7
Q
D: Severe Intellectual Disability
A
- consists of 2% of ID
- generally suffer from one or more organic causes
- markedly delayed and identified early
- may have other health related issues as well
- Require special assistance throughout the life
- Most live well in communities when older, unless they need special health care, but cannot perform vocational skills
8
Q
D: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
A
- caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol
- FASD is an umbrella term that covers the spectrum of possible outcomes
- FAS is the most severe form, and is a leading known cause of ID
- estimated to occur in 6-9 in 1000 school aged children
- Characterized by CNS disfunction, abnormal facial features, and growth retardation
9
Q
D: Fragile X Syndrome
A
- the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and the most common genetic cause of autism
- affects about 1 in 4000 males and 1 in 8000 females
- physical features-large forehead, prominent jaw, low protruding ears
- ID and behaviour problems occur more frequently in men than women
10
Q
D: Similar Structure Hypothesis
A
argues that
11
Q
D: Genotype
A
- a collection of genes that pertain to certain area
12
Q
D: Heritability
A
- the proportion of the variation of a trait attributable to genetic influence in the population
- can range from 0% to 100%
13
Q
D: Inclusion Movement
A
- in USA
- gives children with ID the option of being educated in regular classroom settings regardless of the severity of the disability
14
Q
D: Nondisjunction
A
-
15
Q
D: Organic Group
A
-
16
Q
D: Nondisjunction
A
- the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
- most common cause of down syndrome
17
Q
D: Organic Group
A
- a subgroup of children with ID who have a clear biological cause
- Often associated with severe and profound ID
18
Q
D: Phenotype
A
- the way a genotype is expressed in their environment
19
Q
D: Prader-Willi Syndrome
A
- complex genetic disorder associated with spontaneous abnormality of chromosome 15
- physical traits- short stature, ID or LD, incomplete sexual development, low muscle tone, and urge to eat constantly
- affects 5-10 of 100 000 births
20
Q
D: Self-Instructional Training
A
-
21
Q
D: Residential Care
A
- an out of home placement which may be beneficial for some children with ID
22
Q
D: Self-Injurious Behaviour
A
- causing harm to self
- can be very serious and sometimes life-threatening
- affects 1/5 children with ID
23
Q
D: Self-Instructional Training
A
- teaches children to use verbal cues, initially taught, to process information, keep themselves on task, and remind themselves how to approach a new task
24
Q
Prenatal Biomedical Risk Factors for ID
A
- Chromosomal Disorders
- Single-gene disorders
- Syndromes
- Metabolic Disorders
- Cerebral Dysgenesis
- Maternal Illness
- Parental Age
25
Prenatal Social Risk Factors for ID
1. Poverty
2. Maternal Malnutrition
3. Domestic Violence
4. Lack of Access to Prenatal Care
26
Prenatal Behavioural Risk Factors for ID
1. Parental drug use
2. Parental alcohol use
3. Parental smoking
4. Parental immaturity
27
Prenatal Educational Risk Factors for ID
1. Parental cognitive disability without support
| 2. Lack of preparation for parenthood
28
Perinatal Biomedical Risk Factors for ID
1. Prematurity
2. Birth Injury
3. Neonatal disorders
29
Perinatal Social Risk Factors for ID
1. Lack of access to prenatal care
30
Perinatal Behavioural Risk Factors for ID
1. Parental rejection of caretaking
| 2. Parental abandonment of child
31
Perinatal Educational Risk Factors for ID
1. Lack of medical referral for intervention services at discharge
32
Postnatal Biomedical Risk Factors for ID
1. Traumatic brain injury
2. Malnutrition
3. meningoencephalitis
4. seizure disorders
5. degenerative disorders
33
Postnatal Social Risk Factors for ID
1. Impaired child-caregiver interaction
2. lack of adequate stimulation
3. family poverty
4. chronic illness in the family
5. institutionalization
34
Postnatal Behavioural Risk Factors for ID
1. child abuse and neglect
2. domestic violence
3. inadequate safety measures
4. social deprivation
5. difficult child behaviours
35
Postnatal Educational Risk Factors for ID
1. Impaired parenting
2. delayed diagnosis
3. inadequate early intervention services
4. inadequate special education services
5. inadequate family support
