Midterm 2 Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
People from Countries where HIV is Endemic
A
Africain and Caribbean decent overlaps of people of these countries and black ppl infection rates for people from HIV-endemic countries is approximately 12.6 times higher than other Canadians
2
Q
Canadian LGBTQ support organizations
A
Egale Canada PFLAG Canada
3
Q
factors that enable LGBTQ youth to reach their potential
A
Social support, low levels of religiosity and school connectedness g ay-Straight Alliances and connections to other gay-related organizations have a positive impact on most youth
4
Q
why are we so interested in finding the “cause” of non-heterosexual orientations?
A
Some people argue that figuring out the genetic aspects of sexual orientation may make diverse sexualities more accepted in societies.
5
Q
A
A
no ______ attraction towards others
6
Q
Aboriginal people
A
Aboriginal people in Canada experienced HIV rates 3.6 times higher than other Canadians
Despite the fact that Aboriginal people only represent 3.8% of the overall population, they represent approximately 8% of all people living with HIV/AIDS and 12.5% of new infections in 2008
7
Q
Adolescent/Youth Sexuality
A
- during teen years oral sex is more common than penetrative intercourse
- correlation between teens having oral sex and increase in number of teens who are pledging to be virgins till marriage
- experimentation with anal
- riskier sexual behaviour by older male,sexually diverse and received sexual education
- lease likely to engage in risky behaviour, young females, not born in Canada
8
Q
Aging ans sexuality
A
- majority of seniors live in couples
- benefits in having sex with old age
- also things that contribute to decreased sexual activity - STI’s still a problem in older adults
9
Q
Asexuality
A
my fall in love romantically with another for another person without feeling sexual desire for them
- normal amount of masturbating
10
Q
Attraction
A
- subjective experience - cultural standards, social environments, status, hight, weight, age, small, body movement, personality, voice, dress
11
Q
Bacterial Vaginosis
A
not an STI - due to alteration of the normal vaginal flora - symptoms may increase after intercourse
12
Q
Bacterial infections
A
Caused by microorganisms. Can be traced with antibiotics. types: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis
13
Q
Bi
A
Attracted ____ to same sex and other sexes
14
Q
Booty call
A
impromptu communication for the purpose of sex - restricted to uncommitted and non=monogamous relationship - associated with mutual physical attraction - emotional acts restricted - want sex immediately, usually at night or after drinking
15
Q
CCHS
A
1.3% of men are gay and 0.7% of females
16
Q
Chemical Love
A
- 4 primary chemicals produce the feeling of love: oxytocin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin - oxytocin: euphoria and excitement, addictive, “cuddle hormone or love drug” - Dopamine: pleasure, released with norepinephrine, reason for sweaty palms, racing heart, shortness of breath, lack of sleep - Serotonin: levels drop when in love, obsessively-compulsive types of behaviours, cannot stop thinking about the object of their love
17
Q
Cohabitation
A
- cohabiting heterosexual partners without legal marriage ceremony, however the couple presents themselves as partners - after about 12 months they are considered common-law status - higher in Quebec than other provinces
18
Q
Coming Out
A
Refers to the lifelong process of revealing one’s LGBTQ identity and often developing a sense of who they are in relation to their gender identity or sexual orientation
19
Q
Crab lice/ Pubic lice
A
small insect that is usually found in the pubic hair, sometimes in eyelashes or other places with corse hair. Cannot live on hear hair too dense. transmitted through sexual contact but towels, clothes and bedding can also pass. Not as common because of shaving Treatment: shampoo should wash clothing sheets and towels. They can live of the body for up to 24 hours
20
Q
Demi
A
Attracted ______ when strong emotional connection is established
21
Q
Divorced singles
A
7% of people aged 15 and over are divorced - divorced people are increasingly unlikely to remarry, men are more likely to remarry than women - potentially because of loss of romantic idealism
22
Q
Early Childhood (3-6)
A
- develop strong sense of place in gender schema - continue body or genital exploration, may recognize pleasurable sensations they get from genital manipulation - asking of “where do babies come from” - playing doctor or house, may entail showing bodies or touching, more curiosity than sexual
23
Q
Epigenetics
A
the existence and non-existence of gene influences on sexual orientation
24
Q
Fall in love
A
more than a feeling, describes an experience which we have a sense or understanding. - powerless over the experience of love
25
Female Puberty
- Enlarged breasts - Changes in the appearance of vulva - Pubic hair - increased fatty tissue (hips, buttocks, thighs, pubis) - Body odour
26
Friends with Benefits
- relationships between friends - 60% of university students have been in one less emotional distress or regret than hook ups - rules like not telling friends, not becoming emotionally involved
27
Fuck buddies
- acquaintances or previous partners become sexually involved - "no strings attached" - more negative than FWB
28
Gay bashing
involves verbal and/or emotional denigration or physical violence against gays and lesbians
29
Genital Herpes
Part of the HSV most people who have herpes are unaware and will never suffer an outbreak last about 2-4 weeks and will dissipate on their own Cannot be cured but frequency of outbreaks can be managed treatment: acyclovir, famvir, valacyclovir can be detected through blood test but high rates of false positives transmitted by shedding of skin before and after a visible outbreak, any contact with infected skin can cause transmission
30
Gonorrhea
also known as the clap or drip 2nd most common bacterial STI in Canada transmission: oral, vaginal and anal sex, as well mother to child during birth may be asymptomatic Sites of infection: throat, eye, rectum, penis, vagaina Men: pain during urination, penile discharge and testicular pain Untreated: Inflammation of the epididymis Women: vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods, and pelvic pain. Untreated: PID Untreated in both: spread to joint and heart valves Treatment: Antibiotics. drug resistance results in few that are still successful. Ceftriaxone administered by injection and combination with other antibiotics (Cefixime).
31
Gray
Almost never ____ attracted to others
32
Greek Love
- storge: loving attachment non sexual (mom and child)
- Agrape: Selfless love (generosity and charity)
- Philia: friendship, based on liking and respect
- Eros: Passionate love
33
HIV/AIDS in Gay men
men who have sex with men accounted for over 80% of all cases, this group remains the group most afflicted 2011, MSM made up 48.6% of positive HIV tests in Canada. MSM are often at higher risk because the tissue that lines the anus often has micro-tears during sex that allow the virus to enter the blood stream.
34
Hepatitis B
ransmission: mother to child, sexual intercourse, injection drug use goes undetected early in the disease attacks the liver and over time results in liver damage, cirrhosis and liver cancer (conditions most common in thous infected before 5 years of age, later infections rarely cause symptoms) A and B can be prevented through vaccination, test levels every 10-15 years
35
Hetero
Attracted ______ to sex(es) other than their own
36
Heteronormativity
The assumption or belief that heterosexuality is superior to other sexualities and that society should function to support only heterosexual relationships. society generally designed to accommodate heterosexual people
37
Heterosexism
discrimination or prejudice demonstrated through the assumption that all people are automatically heterosexual or straight until proven otherwise. ex. asking a guy if he has a girlfriend
38
Homo
Attracted ____ to same sex
39
Homophobia
antigay attitudes and behaviours including the institutional biases and prejudices that remain in out society
40
Hookup Culture
- greater frequency at parties -men and women had positive attitudes on casual sex - 40% of college students repot hooking up - include, kissing, masturbation, oral, or intercourse
41
How to diagnose CT/GC infection
- Men: urine - Women: vaginal swab - Throat/rectal swab
42
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Transmission: through sexual contact and can lead to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), also from mom to child in birth or breastfeeding, drug injection In canada prenante women are tested for HIV and will be treated so she will not pass it on men who have sex with men Injection Drug Users (IDU), sex workers, transgender people and aboriginal people are at grater risk
43
Human Papllomavirus (HPV)
- Most common STI in Canada and globally most people have no symptoms (10-30% of adult population affected)
- in high-risk form, HPV can lead to certain types of cancers (moth, cervix, vagina, anus, and penis)
- low risk form can cause genital warts
- transmission: vaginal, oral, anal sex as well through skin to skin contact in the genital region
- more than 160 strains 16 and 18 most concerning and cause nearly all cervical cancers cervical cancer is the
- 4th most common cancer death in women - oral 3x more common in men regular PAP screenings HVP vaccines: cancer strains, youth 9-26, effective against 6 and 11 (genital warts), Gardasil
44
Infancy - toddler (0-3)
- Males have erection capability from birth (common during bath time, changing diapers and direct stimulation.(females probably do too) - infancy: emotional attachment to caregivers is important for attachment, physical touching in hugging, snuggling and tickling - children can be observed rubbing their genitals, and enjoy being naked. caregiver tone and expression in response to sexual exploration are the Childs first lessons in sexuality - 2-3: children differentiate between male and female. Gender roles develop
45
Jealousy
- when people violate monogamy - arises from assumption that sex or attraction to others outside of a relationship is a rejection of the partner in the relationship - arise from the fear that attraction to another person may lead to a separation
46
LGBTQ families
no difference in terms of outcomes for children, they are not more likely to be LGBTQ than any other child
47
LGBTQ kids in school
2/3 of LGTBQ kids feel unsafe at school
48
LOVE
- familial, friendship, sexual
49
Love Story
elationships have stories, beginnings, middle and end
- characters, plots and themes
- Love stories come from childhoods, interactions with parents, siblings, friends and also from attachment styles - may be the reason for unrealistic expectations
50
Love Story types
- War story: constant fighting, two warriors - Love is a mystery: ambiguous, mysterious, a partner that you can never really know - House and home: home is the centre of the relationship
51
Male puberty
- increased body size - Muscle mass - Libido - Erections - Pubic hair - Body and facial hair - Deepening of voice - Body odour
52
Marriage
- most people still get married - increasing number of singles - 67% of families in Canada are with married couples - people are waiting longer to get married - married couples are still rising in Canada - most marry at least once in their lifetime
53
Marriage equality - same sex marriage
- legalized in 2005 - significant jump in same sex marriage - higher levels of relationship satisfaction and attachment security
- 3 overachieving positive impacts; social elements, relational elements, and political elements. - legal recognition helped decrease homophobia
54
Molluscum contagiosa
- caused by a pox virus - not necessarily a STD - often resolved on its own - traded with liquid nitrogen
55
Myths about Sexual Orientation
- dichotomous model of sexual orientation exists - gender is the primary criterion for partner selection - it's immutable
56
Older brothers
likelihood of being gay increases with the number of older brothers (only if they are right handed)
57
One night stands
- one time hook ups - younger adults at clubs or bars - intent is usually known
58
Open relationships
non-monogamous relationship. usually rules
59
Pan
Attracted _____ regardless of sex or gender identity
60
Pansexual
attraction to all gender identities and biological sex
61
Parasitic infections
Crab lice (pubic lice) and Scabies
62
Passionate love
- feelings of intense pleasure and closeness in the early stages of a relationship
63
Patterns of attraction
- more similar too are to a person in personality traits, interests and so on the more likely you will be attracted to them - mere exposure effect - attraction developed through familiarity and continuous interactions with people - proximity - Reciprocal liking: liking someone because they like us - more likely to be attracted to another in high anxiety situations - Halo effect: preceiving your whole persona as one outstanding quality or trait - short term relationships: more masculine bodies - long term: less masculine - baby face or feminine faces more attractive - sex drive largely because of testosterone - hormones constant for males and fluctuate in women - Good genes in men means masculine face, strength and reproductive potential
64
Poly
Attracted____ to other sexes (but not necessarily all)
65
polyamourous
people in equality-based relationships with multiple partners
66
Polyamory
- more than 2 people in a committed relationship
| - not polygamy: man has more than one wife
67
Pre-adolescence
- between early childhood and puberty
- few physical changes
- exploration and learning about relationships and things that are socially acceptable
- first dating, increased games, kissing, sometimes sexual activity, masturbation and oral
- exploration between same sex (girls friends with girls)
- hard for homosexual, will be aware of differences
68
Pros of having sex in later years
- fat burning - increased testosterone in men - linked to immune system boosters - slowing the aging process - physical exertion/exercise - maintaining sexual activity increases likelihood of sex later in life - are frequent sex also proven to prevent prostate cancer
69
Puberty
beginning of a youths journey towards sexual maturation - hormones signal body to begin - Girls generally begin first (1year) - Girls: 10-11, period at 11-12 - Boys: 11-12, Ejaculation ~13 lasts about 5-6 years but could last until 20
70
Queer
term for non-heterosexual people who are not heteronormative or gender binary
71
Queer Theory
emerged in the early 1990s, suggests that all sexualities are construct created by certain social forces and institutions
72
STI stigma
negative social, cultural and personal repercussions of an infection. Dirty and slutty. prevents people from getting screened
73
STIs in women
women who are visible minorities are more affected than the general population. aboriginals are over-representing in HIV/AIDS
74
Scabies
negative social, cultural and personal repercussions of an infection. Dirty and slutty. prevents people from getting screened
75
Sex Education Research
- certain behaviours may be predictors of of early sexual intercourse - Girls factors are more personal and individual (weight, puberty, Lew self-esteem, experimenting with smoking and drinking) - boys factors felt with issues from a social context (older age, poor familial relationships, low income, and having tried smoking)
76
Sex education
- people believed that sexuality education entices kids to have sex and introduces young people to ideas about gender identity and sexual orientation although this is not an accurate assumption. - abstinence only education's ineffective, does not reduce STI's or teen pregnancies, or prepare kids for sexual relationships
77
Six stages of coming out
identity confusion identity comparison Identity tolerance identity acceptance identity Pride Identity synthesis
78
Spring break and Sex
- numbers of deaths, rapes and sexual assaults increasing each year related to drinking
79
Swingers
people who openly share sexual relationship with other singles or partners, may involve threesomes or group sex
80
Theory of love
- Robert Sternberg: triangular theory of love: passionate, intimacy, commitment. - ideal type of love is consummate love
81
Trichomonas
- 50% can by asymptomatic - gray/yellow discharge
82
attitudes of undergrads regarding different types of families
attitudes of undergrads Lesbian step-families were perceived to have a higher satisfaction/security than others
83
benefits of marriage
- specific rights (binding immediately) - Family Law Act - possessory rights to division of things incase of divorce - immediately become each others next of kin - cannot be forced to testify against one another in court
84
children growing up LGTBQ
report engaging in a variety of types of play that often crossed traditional gender lines; this is referred to as “gender bending.” however there is no evidence to suggest that cross gender play causes someone to be gay or transgender
85
chlamydia
most common bacterial STI in Canada Can be asymptomatic Highest prevalence among people <30 Woman 2x more than men Transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex, or from mother to child in birth. Women: vaginal discharge, burning during urination. Untreated: pelvic inflammatory disease (increase likelihood of ectopic pregnancy) Men: penile discharge, pain during urination, pain/swelling in testicles Treatment: Antibiotics (Azithromycin), cleared usually within 7 days, also abstinence from sex for 7 days after treatment
86
compass survey 1998 in Canada suggested....
8% of men and 10% of women confessed to same sex attraction but less than 2% exclusively had same sex attraction
87
fall out of love
- love is a state of being - early in relationship have strong feelings - later on fade away
88
five stages of coming ou
pre-coming out
coming out exploration
first relationships
integration
89
five stages of coming out
pre-coming out
coming out exploration
first relationships
integration
90
love at first sight
- over 50% of Canadians believe in this
91
non infectious discharges
- excessive physiologic secretions - allergic reaction - skin conditions - foreign body - trauma - lack of proper lubrication during intercourse
92
people 15-24
isproportionally effects, make up 2/3 of all chlamydia infections
93
routine screening
- all sexually active women >25
- pregnant women with new partner in 3rd trimester
- men not currently recommended
- consider throat and rectal in MSM
94
sex in adult relationships
- amount of sex is usually overestimated - 60% of married couples report once a week 70% of cohabitation report once a week
95
symptoms of common STI's
- lumps and bumps - discharge and burning - blisters and ulcers - Rashes - Itching - pain during sex
96
syphilis
AKA great pox or French disease transmission: oral, vaginal and anal sex, or mother to child during birth various symptoms not always the same 4 stages:
- primary: chancre, painless lump ~21 days after exposure may go away on its own
- secondary: rash o palms or soles of feet usually an easy diagnosis, fever, soar through, hair less, headache
- latent: Many symptoms disappear, relapses may occur (1-2 years of infection) less infectious
- tertiary: 3-15 years, neurological symptoms, heat ailments and hummus or non-cancerous growths Can only be screened through blood tests treatment: injection of banzathine penicillin G
97
things that decrease sexual activity
- smoking
- frequent alcohol use
- weight issues
- insecurity
- depression
- worries about performance
- Diabetes
- various health issues
- prescription drugs to address health concerns
98
two component theory of love
1. A state of intense physiological arousal followed by 2. Application of a label "love" to that sensation - Risk of "misattribution of arousal"- physiological arousal from other stimuli is attributed to feelings of love - love: the state of intense physiological arousal and the appraisal of that arousal and labeling it love
99
viral infections
HPV Genital herpes (HSV) Hepatitis B HIV/AIDS
100
what laws are put in place for the LGBTQ community?
Human rights legislation, Hate crimes legislation
101
what percentage of the population was gay in the Kinsey report in 1940?
2-4%
102
who's at increased risk for STI's
- sexual contact with people with know STD
- youth <25 with multiple partners
- homeless
- intercourse with a new partner in last 2 months
- more than 2 sexual partners in last year
- no contraception
- injection drug use
- people immigrating or having sex in countries where STI's are endemic
- MSM
- Sex workers
