Midterm 2 Flashcards
The ability of the body to RESPOND to the antigen- that usually suggests immunocompetence
Antigenicity
The ability of the foreign invader to cause harm- this suggests they have adapted in ways to outsmart the body’s defenses
Virulence ( Pathogenicity)
The smallest immunogenic/antigenic substance
Epitope
The body needs receptors on ______ for the epitope of foreign invaders or they will not be detected
Immunocyte surfaces
Antigens are usually a combination of what?
Sugars and Proteins or Sugars and lipids. ex.) LPS
LPS is known as a what?
Endotoxin
What are haptens?
Small foreign molecules
Some haptens are only immunogenic/antigenic when they bind to something ______
Larger
Superantigens are so provocative they create
a cytokine storm
How does a superantigen create a cytokine storm?
cytokine storm (1)
-Superantigen binds to T-Cell receptors ( part that most T-cells share in common)
causing polyclonal activation
When T-Cells pour out abundant _____, the macrophages respond by flooding the body with ______
cytokine storm (2)
IFNy
TNFa
The secretory tsunami results in fever, rash, circulatory collapse from vasodilation, and Organ failure. This is _____
Septic or Toxic shock
Two usual suspects to bring super-antigen tactics to challenge the host?
- Staph Aureus
- Strep Pyogenes Bacteria
The immune system evolved a higher degree of specificity in its response patterns to
limit the polyclonal trigger events ( IL-10 )
An allergen is a
harmless antigen
An allergic reaction is a pathological
immune response
The immune system may respond to something harmless when the harmless thing fits its ______ for harmful things ( antigens )
receptors
Molecules having a very similar/identical shape is known as
molecular mimicry
A situation where the immune systems reaction causes tissue damage, sickness, and even death
Hypersensitivity
Most Familiar hypersensitivity reactions?
Allergic rhinitis
Hay Fever
Anaphylaxis
