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American Heritage > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the focus and purpose of Article 1 of the Constitution?

A

The Legislative Branch.

To Make laws.

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2
Q

What is the focus and purpose of Article 2 of the Constitution?

A

The Executive Branch.

Manage the day-to-day operations through various departments. The President is the leader of this branch.

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3
Q

What is the focus and purpose of Article 3 of the Constitution?

A

The Judicial Branch.

Power of the court system.

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4
Q

What is the focus and purpose of Article 4 of the Constitution?

A

The States.

Relationship between the states and the federal government. All states are equal.

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5
Q

What is the focus and purpose of Article 5 of the Constitution?

A

Amendment.

The Constitution can be amended

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6
Q

What is the focus and purpose of Article 6 of the Constitution?

A

Debts, Supremacy, Oaths.

All officials must swear an oath to the Constitution as it is the supreme law of the land.

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7
Q

What is the focus and purpose of Article 7 of the Constitution?

A

Details all those who signed the Constitution representing the original 13 states.

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8
Q

John Adams

A

Wrote “Thoughts on Government” which criticized Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”.

  • Adams believe a republic is the only good government.
  • Power should go to the most wise and good
  • Legislative power should be divided (bicameral)
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9
Q

Who wrote “Vices of the Political System of the United States”

A

James Madison

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10
Q

Federalism

A

Sovereignty is divided between the states and the nation

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11
Q

Judicial Review

A

Ability of the judicial section to make actions that aren’t in the constitution.
Ability not actually stated in the Constitution.

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12
Q

Vices of the Political System of the United States

A

The national government did not have sufficient power to coerce the states when needed.
By James Madison

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13
Q

What were Alexander Hamilton’s 4 points to why the US government was weak in his letter to James Duane.

A
  • States valued their liberty too much to give the national Congress any substantial power
  • Congress being too willing to defer to the states
  • The Articles left the Congress with too few options for sufficient funding
  • Congress labored under too much uncertainty regarding the extent and nature of their powers
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14
Q

What was the Virginia Plan? What arguments are their against it?

A

By James Madison
Less power in the states. More power to all the people with each individual considered equal.
Arguments:
1. Violated state sovereignty
2. Violated small state theory of republics/democracies

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15
Q

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A

Equal state representation.

Equal representation for each state

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16
Q

How were the New Jersey and Virginia plans combined?

A

The House = The Virginia Plan

The Senate = The New Jersey Plan

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17
Q

What is the importance of Marbury vs. Madison?

A

Set the Judicial review

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18
Q

Constitutionalism

A

The idea that the Constitution is unchanging.

It is the higher law and takes precedence over any ordinary laws passed by the legislature

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19
Q

Brutus

A

Worried the Judicial branch was too powerful

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20
Q

Federalist No. 78

A

By Alexander Hamilton.
The Judicial branch is not too powerful because:
1. They can’t take people’s money or command the army
2. They are reactive. Not proactive
3. They only do judgement
4. They are the weakest branch

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21
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Agreement among the 13 original states serving as the first constitution.

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22
Q

What are some problems with the articles of confederation?

A
  • Uncontrolled self-interest
  • Lack of cooperation between the states
  • Weak executive branch
  • Treaty and policy violations
  • No taxes-revenue
  • No coercion of states
  • Laws were not guaranteed
  • Mutability: easily changed
  • Relied on virtue alone
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23
Q

How does the constitution’s approach to representation reflect a commitment to both the states and the nation?

A
  • Enumerated rights

- Bicameral legislature of state and people

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24
Q

Crevecoeur

A

A patriot after the revolution, wrote letters as if he was an American farmer writing to England.

Colonists have been given opportunities to flourish

“The most perfect society existing…”

Americans are equal and free.

“Silken bands of Gov’t”

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25
Q

Broad drafting

A

Interpreting the constitution based on now

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26
Q

Narrow drafting

A

Interpreting the constitution based on what the founding fathers would have wanted.

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27
Q

Federalist

A

Believed we didn’t need a Bill of rights because:

  • Why do the people need protection from themselves since the government is appointed by the people
  • Listing rights could limit them
  • Parchment barrier that would just be ignored like the states
  • Trusted the institutions/virtue of the people
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28
Q

Anti-Federalist

A
  • Wanted protection from large government
  • Wanted enumerated rights
  • Wanted to hold the federal government accountable
  • Better to have some of the rights than none (Half a loaf is better than no bread – Jefferson)
  • Didn’t trust the institutions/virtue of the systems in place
  • Protect the future generation
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29
Q

Sojurner Truth

A

Wrote Ain’t I a Woman?

  • The first woman God ever made was “strong enough turn the world upside down all alone”
  • Imagine what we could all do together
  • Christ came from a woman
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30
Q

EE Schattschneider

A

Modern mass government can’t exist without parties. You can’t get a lot of people involved without parties.

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31
Q

Jonathan Rauch

A

Without parties there would be chaos

32
Q

Hamilton vs. Jefferson

A

Jefferson - Republican Vision

  • Importance of state level politics
  • Limit national power (smaller national government)
  • Narrow interpretation of constitutional powers
  • Promote agrarian values and benefits of rural life
  • Emphasis on independence, frugality, practicality, resourcefulness (think Rome).
  • The common man should be part of government

Hamilton

  • Importance of the nation
  • Expansion of national power… strong and united… feared in the world
  • Broad interpretation of constitutional powers (if it doesn’t say you can’t to it, then you can do it).
  • Promote commercial values, integrated society, and the benefits of urban life.
  • Aristocratic leadership – the “rich and the wellborn”
  • Suspicious of too much democracy
33
Q

Hamilton vs. Jefferson

A

Jefferson - Republican Vision

  • Importance of state level politics
  • Limit national power (smaller national government)
  • Narrow interpretation of constitutional powers
  • Promote agrarian values and benefits of rural life
  • Emphasis on independence, frugality, practicality, resourcefulness (think Rome).
  • The common man should be part of government

Hamilton

  • Importance of the nation
  • Expansion of national power… strong and united… feared in the world
  • Broad interpretation of constitutional powers (if it doesn’t say you can’t to it, then you can do it).
  • Promote commercial values, integrated society, and the benefits of urban life.
  • Aristocratic leadership – the “rich and the well born”
  • Suspicious of too much democracy
34
Q

Why did Johnson win the election of 1964?

A

His opponent tried to go extreme

35
Q

Fisher Ames

A

Wrote the “Mire of Democracy”

  • Doesn’t trust the voice of the people and doesn’t like direct democracy.
  • Concerned about majority rule
  • The majority are moved by self-interest, and other things.
  • They aren’t able to fully comprehend how to act in politics.
36
Q

Fisher Ames

A

Wrote the “Mire of Democracy”

  • Doesn’t trust the voice of the people and doesn’t like direct democracy.
  • Concerned about majority rule
  • The majority are moved by self-interest, and other things.
  • They aren’t able to fully comprehend how to act in politics.
37
Q

Direct Democracy

A

Public Opinion -> Government Actions

38
Q

Filters of Consent: Aristocratic Decision-Making

A

Public Opinion -> Elite Chosen representatives -> Government Actions

39
Q

Representative Democracy or Republics

A

Public Opinion -> Voters Select Representatives -> Government Actions

40
Q

Federalist #70

A

The Presidency must be sufficiently powerful

  • Protect the community against foreign attacks
  • Stable, wise, capable but can take action
  • Energetic
41
Q

Federalist #68

A

Hamilton’s Goals for the Presidency Process

  • Avoid people with talents for low intrigue, and popularity
  • Be able to do the unpopular thing.
  • Election should be made by
    • Men most capable
    • Deliberation, judicious combination of all the reasons and inducements
  • Little tumult and disorder
  • No corruption
42
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

Wrote “Civil Disobedience”

The best government, is no government

43
Q

Dred Scott v. Sanford

A
  • Scott sues Sanford because he had been taken to a free state so he should be free
  • Scott lost and slavery was allowed to expand
44
Q

Alexander Stephens

A
  • The government (of Lincoln) is opposite to the idea of the constitution
  • Reject the declaration
45
Q

1st Amendment

A

Cannot restrict religion, freedom of speech, of press, peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances

46
Q

2nd Amendment

A

Bear Arms

47
Q

3rd Amendment

A

No soldiers will live in your house

48
Q

4th Amendment

A

No unreasonable search and seizure. Warrants on probable cause.

49
Q

5th Amendment

A

Right to due process

50
Q

6th Amendment

A

Speedy and public trial

51
Q

7th Amendment

A

Right to a jury

52
Q

8th Amendment

A

No cruel or unusual punishment

53
Q

9th Amendment

A

There are more rights than listed. Power of the people

54
Q

10th Amendment

A

Powers to the states

55
Q

13th Amendment

A

Prohibits slavery

56
Q

14th Amendment

A

Defines citizenship. Everyone who is born in the US

57
Q

15th Amendment

A

Connects the right to vote directly to citizenship

58
Q

11th Amendment

A

States immune from suits from out-of-state citizens.

59
Q

12th Amendment

A

Separate elections for president and vice president

60
Q

Federalist No. 2

A

Advantages of Unified government

By John Jay

61
Q

Federalist No. 1 / 9

A

Response to Anti-Federalists

62
Q

Federalist 10

A

How to reconcile citizens with interests contrary to the rights of others.
- Factions are inevitable
By James Madison

63
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

Author of Declaration of Rights and Sentiments

  • Format of the U.S Declaration but about the equal rights of all.
  • List of sentiments of how man has oppressed womankind
64
Q

Chiafalo v. Washington

A

Faithless Electors

65
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

Author of “Is It a Crime for a Citizen of the United States to Vote?”
- Women are citizens and have a right to vote. It has always been that way but just been neglected.

66
Q

Jane Addams

A

Author of “If Men Were Seeking the Franchise”

- A Criticism on men and why they shouldn’t be allowed into politics.

67
Q

John Calhoun

A

Author of “A Disquisition on Government”

- Arguing for concurrent majority as to not oppress the minority.

68
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Author of “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”

- The U.S. has not upheld its promise made in the Deceleration.

69
Q

George Fitzhugh

A

Authored “Cannibals All! Or, Slaves without Masters”

- Arguing that slaves have a good life and are better off as slaves than being free.

70
Q

Federalist #51

A

The most important control on government is the people themselves

71
Q

Brutus’s argument about the appropriate size of republic

A

In a large republic, too much diversity of interests, manners, or ideas will lead to excessive disagreement and will ultimately make governance more difficult

72
Q

Federalist #78

A

By Hamilton.

​​​​​​​The court system is meant to be an intermediary between the people and the legislature.

73
Q

Kentucky Resolutions

A

Jefferson argues that when the national government exercises powers which it is not explicitly given, states are not bound by those actions.

74
Q

James Madison’s view on the Bill of Rights

A

Madison believed that a Bill of Rights could be beneficial, but only if drafted correctly. At the same time, the absence of a Bill of Rights in the Constitution was not a major flaw.

75
Q

Concurrent Majority

A

Only adopt things that are supported by the majorities in all regions.

American Heritage (13 decks)

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