Midterm 2 - Ch20-25 Definitions Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
Linear Perspective
p. the battle of San romano
A
A method of creating the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface by delineating a horizon line and multiple orthogonal lines.These recede to meet at one or more points on the horizon (vanishing point), giving the appearance of spatial depth.
2
Q
Condottieri
p. The battle of San Romano
A
The period saw the rise of mercenary armies led by entrepreneuial (and sometimes brilliant) military commanders called condottieri, who owed allegiance only to those who paid them well; their employer might be the city-state, a lord, or even the pope.
3
Q
De Facto
A
Medici was the de factor rulers.. what
4
Q
Glazing
p. Infant swaddling clothes
A
Outermost layer of vitreous liquid that upon firing, renders the are waterproof and forms a decorative surface
5
Q
Pietra Serena
p. Dome of Florence Cathedral
A
Gray Tuscan sandstone that became associated with Brunelleschi’s Interiors. Used in Florence architecture.
6
Q
Palazzo
p, Facade, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi
A
Any large house (palace)
7
Q
Rusticated
p. Facade, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi
A
Blocks with their outer faces left rough
8
Q
Sgraffito
p. Courtyard with Sgraffito
A
Decoration produced by scratching through a darker layer of plaster or glaze
9
Q
Vanishing Point
p. Gates of Paradise
A
Point in horizon line at which orthogonals meet
10
Q
Giromata
p. Expulsion of adam and eve
A
Section of fresh plaster that can be prepared and painted in a single day
11
Q
Trompe l’oeil
p. studio of federico da montefeltro
A
Fool the eye illusion ting, effects using scupulously applied linear perspective and foreshortening
12
Q
Intarsia
p. studio of federico da mentefeltro
A
Wood Inlay
13
Q
Aerial Perspective
p. Nativity and adoration of the Shepherds
A
method of rendering the effect of spatial distance by subtle variations in color and clarity of representation.
14
Q
Allegory
p. Primavera
A
Symbolic illustration of a concept or principle
15
Q
Petrarch
A
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16
Q
Lorenzo De Medici
p. Sacrifice of Isaac
A
Commissioned David for Palazzo Medici where Donatello’s David was displayed,
Entered a competition and made a sculpture for a panel of a door. He won the competition against Filippo Brunelleschi.
17
Q
Filippo Brunelleschi
A
Architect and sculptor. Solved problem of the dome of Florence Cathedral
18
Q
Nanni di Banco
P. Four crowned Martyrs
A
Son of sculptor in Florence Cathedral, commissioned by stonevarvers and woodworkers to produce the four crowned martyrs
19
Q
Donatello
p. Donatello,
St. George
A
Received 3 commissions for the niches at Oranmichelle during first quarter of century. Worked with stone, wood, and bronze.
20
Q
Masaccio
p. Expulsion of adam and eve
A
Established a new direction in Florence painting. He did this by integrating monumental and consistently scaled figures into rational architecture and natural settings using linear perspective. Known for paintings on the walls of the Barancci Chapel
21
Q
Fra Angelico
p. Annunciation
A
(1395-1455) “Angelic Brother” Florence painter, known for Annunciation
22
Q
Verrochhio
p. David fr the Medici Palace
A
Andrea di Michele Cioni was nicknamed Verrocchio. Name means “True eye”. Trained as goldsmith but known as painter and bronze sculptor. Had the most prestigious and active workshops in Florence
23
Q
Venice
A
Emerged as major Renaissance art center and ruled as oligarchy with elected duke
24
Q
Gentile and Giovanni Bellini
p. Procession of the Relic of true cross before the church of St. Mark lmao wth- Virg and child enthroned- St. Francis Ecstasy
A
Most important artists in the period, created that thing on the front…
25
(21) Real and Ideal
Art historian Sydney Freedberg has stressed the way High Renaissance art fuses the real and the ideal, characterized by Leonardo’s Mona Lisa, as a “rare perfection between art and reality; an image in which a breathing instant and a composure for all time are held in suspension”
26
Pyramidal
p. Virgin of the rocks
People set against landscape that dissolves into the distance. Becomes a standard feature of High Renaissance Classicism
27
Chiaroscuro
p. Virgin of the Rocks
Designing the contrast of dark and light in painting, drawing, or print, creating spatial depth and volumetric forms through gradations in the intesity of the light and shadow.. please change this if you can shorten it lol
28
Sfumato
p. Virgin of the Rocks
Effect of haze in an image giving the smoky effect
29
Intonaco
p. The last Supper
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30
Pendant
p. Angelo Doni and Maddalena Strozzi
One of a pair of artworks meant to be seen in relation to each other as a set
31
Pictorial Weaving
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32
Putti
p. Pesaro Madonna
Pilasters were decorated with sculptured puttie (little people)
33
Ignudi
p. Sistine chapel ceiling with Diagram identifying like 34895 scenes
Heroic figures of nude young men
34
Nonfinito
p. Vestibule of the Laurentian Library
literally not finished.. thanks michelangelo
35
Poesie
p. The Tempest
Painted poems
36
Raphael
p. Stanza Della Segnatura
painted the pope's library, creator of the high renaissance style
37
Michelangelo
p. Pieta- David- Sistine Ceiling
The man that decided not to finish Laurentian Library.. he was also a poet and artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine chapel .. also created high renaissance style with R and L
38
Leonardo
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39
High Renaissance
Art Characterized by sense of gravity and decorum, complex but ordered relationship of individual parts to the whole and an emulation of the principles artists saw in ancient classical art
40
Protestants
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41
Reformation
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42
Florence Italy
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43
Julius II
Enlisted Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo to carry out his vision of a revitalized rome as the center of new Christian architecture
44
Bramante
p. Il Tempietto, Church of San Pietro in Montorio
(1444-1514) Born in Urbino, trained as a painter, but turned to architecture design early in his career. Re-designer of St. Peter's
45
St. Peters Basilica
p. St. Peters Basilica Vatican
Designed by Michelangelo with dome retaining his basic design
46
Counter-Reformation
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47
Properzia
p. Last supper engraved on peach put
(1409-1529) Female that was an exception to become a sculptor. Famous for her mini sculptors
48
Mannerism
Developed in Florence and Rome in the 1520s, word derived from the Italian manor meaning style :
- Anti-classical
- Artificiality, grace, and elegance given priority over the ordered balance and lifelike references go High Renaissance art
- Esoteric subjects, extraordinary technical virtuosity (high skilled work), beauty for its own sake (symbolic meaning)
- Architecture that defined uniformity and balance and used Classical orders in unconventional and playful ways.
49
Venetian
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50
Palladio
p. Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice
Architect, buildings were characterized by harmonious symmetry and controlled ornamentation. Palladio being a nick name for the Greek goddess of wisdom, Pallas Athena, and the 4th century Roman writer Palladius
51
(22) Iconoclastic Purger
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52
Limewood
p. Altarpiece of the Holy Blood
Linden ..
53
Metal Engraving
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54
Humanist
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55
Graphic Arts
Term refers to those arts that are drawn or printed and utilize paper as the primary support. Emerged as an important medium in the Netherlands
56
Grisaille
p. Garden of Delights
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57
Cycles
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58
Desiderius Erasmus
(1446-1536) Reformer in early 16th century. worked to reform the Roman Catholic Church from Within
59
Martin Luther
(1483-1546) Reformer in early 16th c. Many locate the beginning of the Reformation in 11517 when Luther issued his "95 Thesis" calling for Church Reform
60
Protestantism
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61
Charles V
Holy Roman emperor who led Catholic cause. He battled Protestant forces in Germany
62
Tilman Riemenschneider
p. Altarpiece of Holy Blood
(1460-1531) Became master in 1485 and Had largest workshop in Wurzburg
63
Matthias Grunewald
p. Isenheim Altarpiece
Court Artist to the archbishop of Mainz, who worked as an architect and hydraulic engineer, as well as a painter
64
Albrecht Durer
p. Self Portrait - 4 horseman - Adam and Eve - 4 Apostles
Foremost artist of the German Renaissance. used intense observations of the world to render lifelike representations of nature, mathematical perspective o create convincing illusions of space, and a reasoned canon of proportions to standardize depictions of the human figure.
65
Fontainebleau
Chateau in France
66
Domenikos Theotokopoulos
p. Burial of Count Orgaz
Famous painter working in Spain during last quarter who trained as icon painter in Byzantine manner, then entered Titan's studio in Venice, where he also studied painting of Tintoretto and Veronese
67
Hieronymus Bosch
p. Garden of Earthly Delights
(1450-1516) Nethlands artist. Depicted the sort of imaginative fantasies more often associated with medieval than Renaissance art. A superb colourist and virtuoso technician
68
Antwerp
Commercial and artistic center of southern Netherlands in 16th century
Demand for luxury gods fostered birth of art market, in which art was transformed into a commodity for both local and international consumption
69
Tudors
In England. It was economically and politically stable for the arts. Henry VIII was competing with Francis 1 from France so the Music, literature, architecture, and art flourished.
70
(23) Barocco
: Italian word for Baroque. Whether through shocking realism, dynamic movement, or exuberant ornamentation, 17th century art was meant to impress. It aimed to convince the viewer of the truth of its message by impacting the senses, awakening the emotions, and activating — even sharing — the viewers space.
71
Genre Paintings
Paintings depicting everyday life
72
Still Life
Picture depicting arrangement of inanimate objects (fruits, flowers, food)
73
Quadri Riportati
p. Ceiling of Gallery
Transported paintings It is used in art to describe gold-framed easel paintings or framed paintings that are seen in a normal perspective and painted into a fresco.
74
Ignudi
p. Ceiling of Gallery
Male nudes
75
Tenebrism
Forms emerge from dark background into strong light that often falls from single source outside the painting
76
Cantarero
p. Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Watermelon, and cucumber
Primitive Larder
77
Retablos
p. Cathedral of St. James
Spain architecture, another word for Altarpieces.
78
Portal
....
Main doors often embellished with sculpture
79
Breakfast Pieces
p. Still life with Tazza
Type of still life. Meals of bread, fruits, and nuts painted by Pieter Claesz
80
Etching
uses acid to inscribe a design on metal plates. Acid is poured on the plate, then the artist scratches delicately through the resin wit a sharp needle to expose the metal. Then it’s dipped in the acid.
81
Drypoint
p. Still Life with Tazza
Sharp needles used to scratch lines directly into metal
82
Camera Obscura
p. View of Delft
Dark box with a hole on one side. Early camera-like device used in Renaissance to capture the real world
83
Vanitas
p. Woman holding a balance
Category of Symbolic works of art
84
Tazza
p. Still Life with Tazza
saucer shaped cup mounted on a foot
85
Parterre (Perterre do Broderie)
p. Palace of Versaille
An ornamental. highly regimented flowerbed; especially as an element of the ornate gardens of a 17th century palace.
86
Pastoral Landscape
p. St. Matthew and the Angel
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87
Gianlorenzo Bernini
p. David Baldacchino - Cornaro Della Vittoria
Successor of Maderno who was a vatican Architect. Developed the Baroque style
88
Counter Reformation
Reaction of Catholic church to the Protestant Reformation; Complimentary tactics of reforming the church while also simultaneously reinforcing the church's authority which happened after Protestantism started dominating Europe
89
Baroque
Style, Dramatically lit theatrical compositions often combining several media within a single work as artists highlight their technical virtuosity
90
Jesuit Order
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91
Francesco Borromini
p. Church of San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane - Dome
(1599-1667) Artist that dealt with decoration of St. Peters and some details of the Baldacchino. worked at uncle’s workshop. Church of San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane was his only independant design. He died before completed, but it was completed according to his plan.
92
The Carracci Family
Italy. Agostina (1557-1602) and Annibale (1560-1609) and cousin Ludovico (1555-1619). was from Bologna. Eventually lived in Rome. Schooled in Italian Renaissance traditions. with it’s emphasis on chiaroscuro. as well as in Venetian color and sfumato. They refused to paint in Mannerism style. They looked upon the style o Rapheal, Michelangelo.
93
Caravaggio
MURDERER. Born in Milan. Eventually lived in Rome. Worked in the Baroque style for drama and clarity by developing realism in a powerful new direction.
94
Conttarelli Chapel
(1518-1589) Italy. Caravaggio earliest religious commission in Rome.
95
Artemisia Gentileschi
p. Judith Beheading Holofernes
(1593-1652) One of Caravaggio's most brilliant Italian followers, whose international reputation helped spread the Caravagesque style, most famous painting included Caravaggio’s tenebrism and naturalism.
96
Pietro Berrettini (pietro da Cortona)
p. Glorification of the Papacy of Urban VIII
Italy. developed of the Baroque ceiling away from Classicism into a more stronly unified and illusionistic direction.
97
Giovanni Battista Gaulli
p. Triumph of the Name of Jesus and the fall of the Damned
(1639-1709) Italy. he fused sculpture and painting to eliminate any appearance of architectural division.
98
Juan Sanchez
p. Still Life with Quince, cabbage, melon, and cucumber
Spain. (1561-1627) Earliest painters of pure still lifes
99
Diego Velazquez
p. Water Carrier of Seville - Lances - Maids of Honor
Spain (1599-1660) Greatest painter to emerge from Caravagesque school of Seville
100
Penter Paul Rubens
p. Self portrait with Isabella Brandt - Rubens - Raising of Cross - Henry IV Receiving portrait
Flanders (1577-1640) Artist who was accepted into the Antwerp painter's guild, testament to his energy, intelligence, and skill
101
Judith Leyster
p. Self Portrait (girl)
Dutch Republic (1609-1660) Painter know for informal scenes of daily life
102
Rembrandt Van Rijn
p. Anatomy lesson of Dr. Nicolares Tulp - Night watch - 3 crosses (First and Fourth State)
Dutch Republic (1609-1660) Most important painter working in Amsterdam in the 17th Century
103
Johannes Vermeer
p. View of Delft - Woman Holding Balance
Dutch Republic (1632-1675) One of most intriguing Dutch artists of the ... Period who was also inkeeper and art dealer
104
Jan Steen
p. The feat of St. Nicholas
Dutch Republic (1626-1679) Genre painter whose larger brushstrokes contrast with the meticulous treatment of Ter Borch, and reveal an artistic affinity with Frans Hals
105
Versailles
Frace..
106
Andre Le Notre
Landscape architect for the Versaille Garden plan
107
Hall of Mirrors
Inside Versailles, room reflecting natural light from window and give impression of larger space
108
(24) Arabesque
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109
Hash Behisht
"eight paradises" - The 8 small chambers that ring the interior, one being at each corner and one behind each Iwan
110
Iwan
Vaulted opening with arched portal
111
Cenotaph
Funerary monuments
112
Mandapa
p. Taj Mahal
Open hall dedicated to Ritual worship
113
Gopura
p. Taj Mahal
Entrance getaway that towers above temple site and the surrounding city like modern skyscrapers
114
Sultanate
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115
Chattri
p. Taj Mahal
Pavilion
116
Chamfered
p. Taj Mahal
Sliced off corners.. ?
117
Finial
p. Taj Mahal
Spire at the top of a structure
118
Blind Arcade
p. Taj Mahal
Decorative arches set into a wall
119
Illuminated Tomb/Taj Mahal
Built tomb that previously reserved for tombs of saints, built by Mughal ruler Shah Jahan as mausoleum for his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who dies in childbirth
120
Quwwat ul-Islam
Mosque complex that begun by Aibak of the first Delhi Sultanate and built over the citadel of Delhi's previous rulers
121
Mughals
Most successful of many Islamic groups coming from central Asia. Period. (1526-1858). Important rulers: Akbar, his son Jahinger, Shah Jahan (r. 1628-1658)
122
Akbar
p. Diwan-I-Khas (Private Audience Hall)
Third emperor of Mughal Period. Commissioned a new capital
123
Akbarnama
p. Akbar inspections the construction of Fatehpur Sikri.
A text. details the action and accomplishments of the emperor including the events leading to the construction of Fatehpur Sikri.
124
Jahangir and Nur Jahan
p. Jahangir and Prince Khurram Feasted by Nur Jahan
Emperor and Empress, Nur ruled in his name when he succumbed to addiction and illness
125
Gita Govinda
p. Krishna and the Gopis
a manuscript (1525-1550). A cycle of rhapsodic poems about the love between Gods and humans expressed metaphorically between
126
The Raj
Period known where South Asia transitioned to direct control by the British crown in 1858. British architects were keen on emphasizing difference. that was own or brought up by the British
127
Vitoria Terminus
A train station in Mumbai. Architect: Fredrick Stevens
128
Kudus Mosque
One of the earliest examples of Islamic architecture in Java
129
Maqbool Fida Husain
One of India’s most influential modern artist. He drew his sources from Hindu literature, historical events, and the natural world.
