Midterm #2 (intelligence) Flashcards
Who were Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon?
First people to develop an intelligence test. They were asked by the French government to make a test to find out which children were mentally weak.
Who was William Stern?
The first person to give a quantifiable measure of intelligence (IQ).
What is ratio IQ? Is it a good measure of intelligence?
Ratio IQ = 100 x mental age/chronological age. Not a good measure of intelligence because intelligence eventually eves out as we age.
What is deviation IQ? Is it a good measure of intelligence?
Deviation IQ = 100 x (your test score/average test score of others your age). Is a better measure of intelligence.
Arthur Otis
Created the alpha and beta test to help the army figure out where to place all the men.
Alpha test: still exists today. An aptitude or written test
Beta test: Not dependent on literacy skills
David Wechsler
Thought intelligence had multiple types. He developed his own test. The tests average score was placed at 100.
Spearman’s two factor theory
G-factor: general abilities
S-factor: specific abilities
Cattell and Horns Theory
Crystalized intelligence: everything you have learned. tested through vocabulary and general knowledge
Fluid intelligence: independent of what you have learned. The ability to think on the spot in new situations.
Sternberg’s triarchic theory
Argued there is more to intelligence than G.
Analytical: logical thinking, book smarts, problem-solving…
Creative: going beyond what is given to deal effectively with a new situation
Practical: street smarts, ability to read people or motivate people
Gardner’s neuropsychological theory
Argued that there’s many types of intelligence, not just 2 or 3. intelligence can be realized or not.
C-H-C theory
most empirically correct theory. Has 1 general factor and 8 group factors and 69 specific factors
Psychometrics
the science of measuring mental capacity. Includes measurements of traits and attitudes.
Factor analysis
Looking at a large number of questions and grouping them accordingly. Uses stats.
Properties of a good intelligence test: Reliability
The ability to find the same result time after time
Reliability: Test retest?
Giving the same people the same test and getting the same answers
Reliability: Internal consistency?
questions within the same test should correlate
Reliability: Inter judge?
Two people who score the same test should give the same result
validity: content?
when the content covers the entire range of topics covered
Validity: construct?
The ability to measure what you really want to measure
Validity: criterion-related?
when scores on the IQ test correlate well with things
Is it impossible to have a test that is valid but not reliable?
Yes
what are the 3 properties of a good intelligence test?
Reliable
Valid
Unbiased
The stanford-binet 5
Collected based on norms. Deviation calculation. Produces 1 score with 4 sub scores
WAIS-IV
ages 16+. 2 overall scores, one for verbal, one for performance. Has 14 subparts.
