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Oral Histology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a stomatodeum?

A

Head fold in embryology resulting in the oral cavity.

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2
Q

What lines the stomatodeum?

A

Ectoderm (Result of folding)

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3
Q

What separates the stomatodeum from gut?

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

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4
Q

In head formation, how are the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain formed?

A

Neural tube undergoes massive expansion.

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5
Q

What are rhombomeres?

A

Hindbrain segments of eight bulges. Important role in head development.

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6
Q

What is the difference in pouch and groove? What is an arch?

A

Pouch is invagination from inside, groove outside. Arch is the bulge inside and outside.

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7
Q

What is the name of cartilage of 1st arch? 2nd?

A

!st: Meckel’s

2nd: Reichert’s

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8
Q

*What gives rise to striated muscle?

A

Some mesenchyme around cartilage.

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9
Q

*What three things are contained in each arch?

A

Blood vessel, nerve, and cartilage.

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10
Q

What are the two components of the nerve?

A

Motor and sensory

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11
Q

The sensory nerve divides into which 2 branches?

A
  1. Posttrematic branch: covers anterior half of the arch epithelium.
  2. Prettrematic branch: covers the posterior half of the arch epithelium.
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12
Q

From which branchial arch does the mandibular process develop from?

A

1st

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13
Q

By sixth week of development, the mandible extends as a solid rod of ______ cartilage surrounded by __________ capsule.

A

Hyaline, fibrocellular

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14
Q

From where to where does the mandible extend?

A

Ear region (otic capsule) to midlines of fused mandibular process.

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15
Q

True or False:

The 2 cartilages of each side of the mandible meet at a midline.

A

False, they are separated by a thin band of mesenchyme.

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16
Q

In the development of the mandibular body, how is the bone formed?

A

Intramembranous ossification around Meckel’s cartilage.

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17
Q

What are the 3 stages of teeth development?

A
  1. Bud stage
  2. Cap stage
  3. Bell stage
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18
Q

What are the 5 layers of developing teeth from outside to inside?

A

Outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, stratum intermedium, inner enamel epithelium, dental papilla.

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19
Q

What is between the inner enamel epithelium layer and dental papilla?

A

Membrane preformativa and acellular zone.

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20
Q

True or False

Only preosteoblasts can undergo mitosis during prenatal development and occasionally during postnatal growth.

A

False

Both preosteoblasts and osteoblasts can.

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21
Q

On which two bone surfaces can differentiating osteoblasts be found?

A

Periosteal and endosteal

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22
Q

Histologically, what are osteoblasts and what do they originate from?

A

Multinucleated cells and originate from hematopoietic stem cells.

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23
Q

What does TRAP stand for? What is it?

A

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase: characteristic of osteoclasts, found within cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles.

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24
Q

*Where are osteoclasts found?

A

Against bone surface in hollowed depressions called Howship’s lacunae.

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25
What is bone remodelling?
Immature primary --> mature secondary lamellar bone | Immature woven becomes replaced by stronger mature secondary lamellar (compact) bone.
26
How does sponge turn to compact bone?
Gradually more and more osteons are formed.
27
What is an ameloblasts?
Ameloblasts are cells involved in enamel production.
28
What are Tomes' processes?
In enamel synthesis, ameloblasts move away from the enamel, forming Tomes' processes, projections surrounded by the developing enamel.
29
Where are ameloblasts nuclei located?
Opposite end of enamel secretion end
30
What are the 3 steps of amelogenesis?
1. IEE of short columnar undifferentiated cells elongate into ameloblasts. 2. Odontoblasts induced to differentiate and begin enamel secretion. 3. Ameloblasts actively deposit enamel.
31
What are neonatal lines/stria of Retzius?
Incremental lines of enamel development.
32
What two factors cause neonatal lines?
Physiologic changes at birth and systemic disturbances that affect amelogenesis.
33
Where are neonatal lines found?
Enamel and dentin
34
What are epithelial rests of malassez?
Cells that are part of the periodontal ligament cells around a tooth.
35
What are lines of von Ebner?
Incremental lines in dentin that reflect variations in mineralization. Distance between the lines= daily rate of dentin formation.
36
What is acellular cementum?
first cementum to be formed. Layer of living tissue that does not incorporate cells into its structure and usually predominates on the coronal half of the root.
37
What are the layers of the root from inside out?
Pulp, dentin, PDL, alveolar bone.
38
What are the 5 groups of fibers in the principal fiber group?
1. Alveolar crest 2. Horizontal 3. Oblique 4. Apical 5. Interradicular
39
How is the middle portion of the upper lip formed?
Fusion of the medial nasal process of both sides along with the frontonasal process. NO lateral nasal process. Only medial nasal and maxillary process.
40
How is the lateral portion of the upper lip formed?
Fusion of the maxillary processes of each side and medial nasal process.
41
How is the lower lip formed?
Fusion of the two mandibular processes.
42
What happens in unusual fusion between maxillary process and lateral nasal process?
Canalization and formation of nasolacrimal duct
43
*When does formation of tongue begin?
4 weeks
44
How is the anterior 2/3 (oral) part of the tongue formed?
From 2 distal tongue buds (lateral lingual swellings) and median tongue bud (tuberculum impar) from 1st branchial arch.
45
*What cranial nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of tongue?
CN V
46
How is the posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal) part of the tongue formed?
From the copula, hypobranchial eminence (2nd, 3rd, 4th branchial arches).
47
*Which cranial nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of tongue?
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
48
How are the muscles of the tongue developed?
From occipital somites
49
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?
CN XII (hypoglossal)
50
Match the cranial nerve with the pharyngeal arches 1, 2, 3, and 4.
* 1st: CN 5 * 2nd: CN 7 3rd: CN 9 4th: CN 10
51
How and when is the thyroid formed?
From foramen cecum between 4-7 weeks
52
How is the maxilla palate formed?
Develops from primary and secondary palate
53
How and when is the primary palate formed?
From frontonasal and medial nasal processes form premaxillary portion at about 28 days of gestation.
54
How and when is the secondary palate formed?
@ 7 wks: palatine shelves form from maxillary processes directed down on each side of developing tongue. @ 8 wks: tongue is depressed and palatine shelves elevated but not fused. @ 9 wks: Palatine shelves fuse and separation of stomatodeum into oral and nasal cavities complete.
55
When is the critical period of palate development?
End of 6th to beginning of 9th week.
56
What are the 3 features of jawless vertebrates?
Neurocranium, notochord, gills
57
What makes up the neurocranium?
Nasal, optic, and otic cartilage blocks
58
Gills of jawless vertebrates form what?
Gills --> branchial arches + cartilage rods | "0" migrated to neurocranium
59
How is the jaw developed?
Through fibrous connection "joint" in 1st cartilage
60
What is a chondrocranium?
In jaw development: | Neurocranium + Viscerocranium = chondrocranium
61
What are the 3 components of the skull in formation?
Cranial vault, cranial base, and face
62
How are the 3 components of the skull formed?
Cranial vault and face: membranous bone origin | Cranial base: Endochondral ossification
63
How is the membranous bone formed in skull formation?
Formed directly in mesenchyme with no cartilagenous precursor
64
What is the significance of 1st arch cartilage?
Meckels: indicates position of future mandible but does **NOT contribute to its development.
65
How is the mandible developed and which CN innervation?
Intramembranous ossification CN V
66
What does the dorsal end of 2nd arch cartilage form? Ventral end? CN innervation?
Reichert's: Dorsal- stapes and styloid process Ventral- lesser horns of hyoid bone and superior part of hyoid CN 7
67
What does malleus, incus and stapes develop from?
Malleus and incus- dorsal Meckle's cartilage by endochondral ossification Stapes- dorsal end of Reicherts
68
How are the muscles of mastication formed?
Muscle cells in 1st arch start @ wk 5. Spreads to site of origin in wk 6 and 7.
69
How are the muscles of facial expression formed?
Muscles of 2nd arch grow to cover face, scalp, and posterior to ear. By wk 7, grows up and expands as sheet over face.
70
*What is the cervical loop?
"Zone of reflexion": pt where outer enamel epithelium and inner enamel epithelium meet @ enamel organ rim. Pt where cells divide until full crown size, then give rise to epithelium for root formation.
71
What are the "cell rests of serres"?
Small clusters of inactive epithelial cells due to loss of contact with oral epithelium. Can develop into cysts.
72
Where are the "cell rests of serres" from?
Dental lamina
73
Where does the first layer of dentin and enamel formation start?
Cusp tips and progresses cervically
74
What does molar teeth originate from?
Dental lamina
75
What is the stratum intermedium?
Layer btwn IEE and stellate reticulum. High alkaline phosphatase and works with IEE to form enamel.
76
What forms hertwig's root sheath?
OEE and IEE fuse and proliferate from cervical loop --> Hertwig's root sheath
77
What happens when the Hertwig's Root Sheath breaks up?
Forms the Rest of Malassez
78
Where does dental papilla come from?
Ectomesenchyme, which comes from neural crest | Neural crest --> tooth germ --> dental papilla
79
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
Maintain osteoblast population and bone mass. | In periosteum and endosteum, differentiate into osteoblasts
80
What are osteocytes?
Suppors bone architecture
81
What is bone remodeling?
Replacement of old bone
82
What is bone modeling?
Process by which overall size and shape of bones is established in embryonic development and pre-adult growth
83
How is intramembranous bone formed?
Directly within soft CT. Sharpey's fibers

Oral Histology (1 decks)

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