Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

fish habitat assessment > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of the world’s water is fresh water?**

what is the contribution to the total global water budget?**

A
  1. 0006%

0. 0002%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 5 unique aspects of streams

A
  • flow is unidirectional
  • Water is almost always in motion
  • openness of ecosystem
  • high degree of special and temporal heterogeneity at all scales.
  • inter-stream variability is high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name five stages of the hydrological cycle

A
  • advection
  • evaporation
  • precipitation
  • surface runoff
  • evapotranspiration
  • atmosphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in the US, what percentage of rainfall ends up as groundwater?

A

35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define catchment

A

natural landscape, combining the linked terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and it encompasses the entire area of land drained by various tributaries ad the main river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the riparian zone?

A

the zone that includes the bankside and all the closely surrounding vegetation and soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why is the riparian zone important?

A

important for stream energy supply from organics produced elsewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

allochthonous material

A

organics that come from the outside, ie: leaf litter, twigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are organics that are produced ‘in stream’ called?

A

autochtonous material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the hyporheic zone?

A

region beneath and alongside a stream bed, where there is mixing of shallow groundwater and surface water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

riparian management zone

A

regulates or controls protection of riparian zone and areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the Classification of Stream Order was created when, and by whom

A

Strahler, 1950

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define ‘total returns’

A

the catch plus the escapement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define ‘escapement’

A

the fish that escape the fishery and make it back to the lake/stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why inventory?

A

data helps predict:

  • total returns
  • escapement
  • contribution to commercial, food, sport, and ecological value
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is ‘passive gear’ and where do we use it?

A
  • fences, floating traps
  • low in the watershed
  • stationary, fish swim in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is ‘active gear’ and where do we use it?

A
  • electrofishing, pole seining
  • upstream, small tribs
  • moves, capture fish
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

name five types of active gear

A
  • angling
  • beach seining
  • boat electrofishing
  • electrofishing
  • pole seining
  • purse seining
  • snorkeling
  • trawl nets
  • visual counts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name five types of passive gear

A
  • enmeshing nets
  • fish fences
  • fish weirs
  • fish wheels
  • fyke traps
  • inclined plane traps
  • minnow traps
  • rotary screw traps
  • trap nets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define ‘live count’

A
  • estimate salmonid escapement

- count the number of live fish observed in a reach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the purpose of a ‘live count’

A

obtain the approximate size of a spawning population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

define ‘strip count’

A

estimating salmonid escapement by counting the number of live fish observed in a strip (several strips within a system).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the purpose of a ‘strip count’?

A

obtain the approximate size of a spawning area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the difference between ‘live count’ and ‘strip count’?

A

LC: count all fish, use area under the curve
SC: count parts of reach, extrapolate data for estimates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
describe how to set up a minnow trap-
- fresh/frozen roe - place in film canister - use ~3m of groon line off clip - tie onto stable habitat - place in slow water facing u/s - use weight to avoid movement - label/# each trap - create detailed map
26
name some considerations when using minnow traps
- aged traps catch more fish - must be stable and on bottom - floating traps are poor choice for streams - metal catches more than black plastic - lost traps continue to fish - 2-hour check
27
how do you sample minnow trap catches?
- fill 20L bucket first - remove and tip trap - remove clip, separate halves - pour fish into bucket gently - identify, sample, record - toss bait, rinse canister, stack traps - tally traps once done
28
name some pros and cons to using minnow traps
``` PRO: -cheap/portable -wide range of use: lakes, ponds, deeper habitats -good complimentary tool to EF -does not require certification CON: -size-selective -labour-intensive -bait attracts bears -lost traps continue to fish ```
29
write the equation for CPUE
``` CPUE= total # of fish/soak time CPUE= total# of fish/# of traps ```
30
describe a fyke net
- catches a proportion of the 'out migration' - may use panels to deflect fish into long net or sock - net just be attended daily
31
describe a juvenile counting fence
- capture 100% of 'out migration' - inexpensive, easy to build - require frequent maintenance and cleaning - site selection is critical
32
what is an IPT
inclined plane trap | angular trap which fish swim up a ramp and get caught in a live holding pen
33
what is a RST?
Rotary screw trap - floating trap, capture out-migrating fry and smolts - used to estimate fry and smolt abundance and timing - large drum, water velocity turns the drum 5-8 rotations per minute
34
Name the four assumptions for two-pass removal method
1-all fish have equal chance of capture 2-no immigration/emigration 3-mortality/reproduction slight 4-stream conditions are constant
35
what is the formula for two pass removal (population size)?
total pop size = # of fish in site x area of stream / area of site
36
N=C2^2/C1-C2 | what formula is this for, what are the values?
N=pop size C2=#fish 2nd pass C1=#fish 1st pass 2pass removal
37
what is the formula for density (2 pass removal)
Density (fish/m2)= #fish in pop/SArea of enclosure (m2)
38
what is the formula for mark-recapture estimation?
N=MxC/R
39
mark-recapture assumptions
- marked fish survive the same as unmarked - no morts/reproduction - no immigration/emigration - marked mix randomly - marked fish are caught equally each round - marks don't come off - recapture rates are high to support accurate etimates
40
fish requirements in stream
- cover - access to food - refuge * from high flows, high temps, predators, conspecifics
41
what constitutes 'good habitat?'
quantity and quality of - large wood - boulders - undercut banks - deep pools - vegetation
42
in order to quantify a habitat, what do you need to know?
species and life stages, habitat preferences
43
what parameters do you need to know to measure a habitat?
- watershed level - reach level - habitat unit level (microhabitat/macrohabitat)
44
name some macro and micro habitats
macro: define pools,, riffles, glides micro: pocket pools, plunge pools, eddies, etc
45
define a reach
the length of channael uniform with respect to discharge, depth, area, slope. ie: habitat units and uniformity -any length of a river
46
what is a cascade?
steeper than a step-pool, steep gradient and no pools
47
what is the size of fines, gravels, cobbles, and bedrock?
fines=<2mm gravels= 2-64mm cobbels=64-256mm boulders=256-4000mm
48
name some disturbance indicators
``` Excessive amounts of: -extensive scour -un-vegetative bar -sediment wedge -mid-channel bar -riffle zone -large woody debris Braided channels Beaver dam Eroded banks Abandoned channel ```
49
what is 'avulsion'?
the abandonment of one river channel and the creation of a new one
50
whats the difference between crown cover and overhead vegetation?
- crown cover= >1m above stream | - overhead veg= <1m above stream
51
describe a flooded habitat`
- physical indicators of high water flow - rafted debris - scarring on trees/vegetation - fluvial sediments newly deposited on forest floor
52
what are the gradients for riffle-pool, step-pool and cascade?
RP=.5-3% SP=3-8 C=>8
53
name 6 different stream pattern
- straight - sinuous - irregular wandering - irregular meandering - regular meanders - tortuous meander
54
name 5 different type of gravel bars
- none - side bar - diagonal bar - mid-channel bar - span - braided
55
what are the three goals for habitat assessment projects?
- rating - status - monitoring and trends
56
name specific goals for habitat assessment projects
- identify/protect habitats - identify limiting factors - assist with establishing protection policy - assist with classifying streams - identify/protect riparian vegetation features - monitor habitat improvements - identify/monitor water quality parameters - identify/monitor chemical attributes
57
name some anthropogenic activities that can affect the stream channel
- increased discharge - increased sediment loading - reduced bank integrity (remove riparian zone etc) - channel realignment/encroachment
58
name some required criteria before stream bank stabelization implementation
- proposed alterations - design flows - slope angle - sediment type - toe protection - access points - source material location
59
name some structural methods employed to stabilize a bank
- rock - veg - lwd - textiles
60
name rock types for bank stabilization
riprap | groynes
61
name veg type for bank stabelization
live cuttings | rooted stock
62
name some textile types for bank stabelization
- geogrid | - natural/synthetic mats

fish habitat assessment (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions