Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Western Civilizations > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(123 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What was the Neoithic Revolution?

A

The shift from the hunting/gathering way of life to agriculture/permanent housing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the main source of irrigation during the Neolithic Revolution?

A

Rivers

ex. Tigris and Euphrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Sumer?

A

The earliest known civilization located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the first written language?

A

Cuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were ziggurats?

A

Temples built by the Sumerians to worship their gods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What were lugals?

A

Kings or leaders over the Sumerian peoples and city states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define theocracy.

A

A civilization that is governed by the religious leaders of the area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who were the Akkadians and why were they significant?

A

The second major civilization;

active during the same time as Sumer;

development of city states;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who was Sargon the Great?

A

Sargon was the Akkadian leader who fought back against and eventually conquered the Sumerian people, creating one large empire with one ruler. Absorbed Sumerian culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What were the Amorites known for?

A

Hammurabi’s Code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What s Hammurabi’s Code?

A

First set of public laws;

king no longer sole judge;

sense of peace and order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During the Neolithic Revolution what was the main source for religion?

A

the elements around them;

unpredictable and uncaring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was the Epic of Gilgamesh?

A

an epic about a friend’s death, Enkidu;

begs universal questions of life;

search for immortality which is found through immortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the geographical element that defined Egyptian life?

A

the Nile River

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the Nile’s main problem?

A

Unpredicatable flooding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who was Manes/Menes?

A

A legendary figure that allegedly brought the people of Egypt together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

During the time of the Old Kingdom, what does the term “pharoah” mean and who was he?

A

“Pharoah” literally translates to “big house”

This was the leader of the Egyptian people who lived in the big house.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was Gizeh/Giza?

A

The pyramids built for the desceased pharoahs and peoples of power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who were the Hyksos?

A

A semitic group of people who the Egyptians took over and proceded to rule over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the meaning of Ma’at?

A

“What goes around, comes around.”

A crude understanding of “karma”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Whta was the battle of Kadesh/ Qadesh and who was involved?

A

The battle between the Hittites and the Egyptians;

ultimately led to the breaking up both of these large nations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the myth of Osiris and what did it mean for the people of Egypt?

A

Osiris si the great-grandson of Ra, another Egyptian god.Osiris was given power over the underworld, making him in charge of your possible afterlife.

This made Osiris one of the main gods that the Egyptians tried to please.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who was Ahkenaton and why was he significant?

A

He was a pharoah who belived the god Aton was the main god that mattered. This was the first time that monotheism was being considered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define henotheism/monolatry?

A

the recognition of multiple god with an emphasis on just one.

ex. Aton during the reign of Ahkenaton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What was papyrus?
The first type of paper made of the plant papyrus
26
What was the book of dead?
The book of Dead was the book of spells and incantations that the Egyptian priests read and performed over the dead pharoahs to ensure that they would experience a good afterlife.
27
What are hieroglyphics?
Picture writing that was used in multiple different nations throughout history
28
What is the significance of the Rosetta Stone?
The Rosetta Stone is important becuase it allowed for many languages to be translated. It broke the language barrier
29
What is mythic thought?
Mythology
30
Who were the Phoenecians?
A civilation that developed the first alphabet that was not composed of shapes and pictures but rather symbols. They were also traders. (port city)
31
What is the capitol of the Assyrian Empire?
Ninevah
32
What were the Assyrians known for?
A ruthless military power who first used the cavalry
33
Define covenant.
God is active in the wordl and he takes an interest in humanity. promise
34
What is monotheism?
The belief in only one God
35
The Neo-Babylonians were known for their...
King (Nebuchadnezar) hanging gardens strong military
36
Who was Cyrus and what did he do?
A persian man who helped conquer Babylon in 539 bce
37
What did the Persian military pioneer?
Riding horses into battle making them both faster and powerful
38
The Persians greatly discouraged the absorbtion of culture.
false The Persians were very tolerant
39
What were the leaders of city states called in the Perian Empire?
Satraps
40
What language did the Persians develop?
Aramaic
41
The persians were known for their sense of justice within their court system.
true
42
What are two practical things the Perisians were the first to develop?
Coinage roads
43
What was Zoroastrianism? When and who developed it?
6th century Presented by Zorathustra through songscollected into the Avesta. This is the beginning of a monothiestic religion
44
Who was Ahura Mazda?
The creator god of zoroastrianism
45
Desribe the tenants of zoroastrianism.
The world is dualistic : Good vs Evil You are required to choose one or the other. Physical world by nature is bad, but the spiritual world is good and superior.
46
What is Crete and what civilization inhabitated it?
Crete was an island where the Minoan emerged during 2000bce
47
Who was the king of the Minoans?
King Minos
48
Who / when were the Minoans conquered?
The Mycenaeans 1600 bce
49
What were the Minoans known for?
trade
50
What was the name given to Greek city states and when did they emerge?
Polis 800-700 bce
51
What were the two greatest city states?
Athens Sparta
52
What is the name of the war between the Athenians and Spartans?
the Trojan Wars
53
Who was Homer and what are his two greatest achivements?
Homer was the great epic poet who wrote both the Illiad and the Odysey Was instamental in the development of religion
54
What is arete?
the idea of excellence in the time of the ancient greeks
55
What was a hoplite?
An everyday Greek soldier
56
What was an agora?
the open Greecian marketplace
57
Who was Achilles?
The Greek hero during the Trojan War whose one weakness was his heal. This leads to the achiles tendon we all have.
58
Athens was known for being a trade city.
True
59
Where was the Parthenon built and who was it built for?
It was built upon the Acropolis for the goddess of Athens, Athena.
60
What was the acropolis?
The highest point of Greece that was home to many different spiritual and important pieces of Greek history.
61
Who were areopagus?
Wealthy landowners who wanted a say in the decison making in Athens who went on to form a group.
62
Who was Draco and what did he do?
A Tyranical Greek leader during 621 bce who ultimatley limits the amount of power that is given to the wealthy in Athens
63
Who was Solon and what did he abolish?
An Athenian during 594 bce who abolished debt slavery.
64
Solon did what two things that directly impacted the way that Athens was to be governed?
He changed the qualifications for official positions from birth-right, to purley wealth He developed the council of 400
65
Who was Peisistratus and how did he unify the people of Athens?
Gave land back to the public and held public festivals
66
How and when did Cleisthenes ultimately aid Greece?
He brought in the classical Greek period and the implamentation of FULL DEMOCRACY in 510bce Council of 500 :divided by where you live developed ostracism
67
Define ostracism.
When the council has a vote to determine whether or not one maybe allowed to live in the city anymore for various idfferent reasons. Potentially could be banned from the city for up to 10 years
68
What was the Delian League?
The league of city states that came together to atempt to keep Sparta at bay.
69
What was Sparta known for?
Being warlike and ruthless
70
Define agage.
A war-like, militaristic society ex. Sparta
71
What was Pericles known for?
Bringing in the Golden Age of Athens Being a great orrater Being a leader in Athens who developed democracies
72
What did Pericles make possible for the poor?
He gave them goverment positions from which they could get paid for.
73
What was the boule?
An athenian assembly that met 40 times a year in which EVERYONE has a voice
74
Who sculpted the works within the Parthenon?
Phidias
75
When were the Peloponnesian Wars and who participated?
431-404 bce Sparta vs Athens Land vs Sea
76
Who was Sophocles?
A tragic Greek playwright 496 - 406 bce
77
Who was Thespis?
Developed drama tragedy and comedy 530 bce
78
What is catharisis?
The release of emotion whether through crying or laughing
79
Who was the father of history?
Herodotus
80
Who chronolized the Pelopennesian War?
Thucydides 460 - 400 bce
81
What did Alexander the Great accomplish?
He conquered many nations and spread the Greek culture at the same time
82
Who were the three most important philosophers in Greece?
Socrates Plato Aristotle
83
Which philosopher wrote nothing and was put to death for corrupting the youth?
Socrates
84
The Socratic method is exposing weakness by....
asking questions.
85
Which student of Socrates left social life to ponder life?
Plato
86
Author of Republic
Plato
87
Said that our perception is flawed and we need to test it
Plato
88
Shadow vs. Reality Allegroy of the Cave
Plato
89
Which student of Plato thought that humans can, through observation, fully understadn the world?
Aristotle
90
Travelling teachers who spoke persuasively; very skeptical of life truths; encouraged thought
Sophists
91
Who was the son of Phidias who later went on to be one of the greatest mathematicians the world ever knew.
Archimedes
92
Accepting anything that happens without showing emotion is known as
stoicism
93
The understanding that the gods do not intervene with human life is...
epicureanism
94
What is the river that runs through Rome?
Tiber river
95
What was significant about the Roman forum?
It allowed for a new level of participation in and amongst the people to be heard
96
Who is the people group who migrated from Lydia?
the Etruscans
97
Who were the people of power in Rome and what does it translate to?
Particians - patres- fathers the Senate
98
Who were the everyday people of rome?
plebians
99
Who did Rome take most influence from?
the Etruscans
100
What was the main problem that the Roman face politically?
the struggle of orders
101
What was the highest elected office in the Roman Empire?
the consul
102
What were the wars between Rome and Carthage called?
The Punic Wars
103
Who was the leader of the Cathagenians in the Second Punic War?
Hannibal
104
Who was the leader of the Romans in the Third Punic War, later to defeat Hannibal?
Scipio
105
The Gracchian Revolution is the reform of...
land
106
Who faced conflict with Sulla?
Marius in 107 bce
107
Who was one of the most influential dictators the Roman Empire had?
Julius Caesar
108
How did Julius Caesar die?
He was murdered.
109
Who was the triumvirate?
Caesar Pompey Crassus All part of the same regime that was collectively the most powerful
110
Where does the term "crossing the rubicon" come from?
It means to pass the point of no return. Julius Caesar crossing the rubicon which was seen as an act of rebellion
111
Who came into power after Julius caesar was murdered?
Octavian
112
Who was the first Roman emperor, who ushered in the Pax Romana?
Octavian
113
What were the two names given to an emporer?
Princep and Augustus
114
What was the period of peace in Rome called?
Pax Romana
115
What purpose did the colosseum serve?
It was a place of entertainment/public spectacle
116
Who was the first emporer to be elected by the Senate?
Nerva
117
After many failed emporers, what became the new protocol for picking an emporer?
The new emporer would be adopted by the current emporer
118
Who were the top three adopted emporers?
Trajan Hadrian Marcus Aurelius - most powerful
119
What dies along with Marcus Aurelius?
The pax romana
120
Who was the Roman version of Homer?
Virgil
121
Who fathered the exploration of the human anatomy?
Galen
122
What was the emporer Diocletian most known for?
persecution of Christians
123
Who was the father of Constatinople, the capitol of the eastern Roman area that allowed freedom to practice Christianity?
Constantine

Western Civilizations (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions