MIDTERM Flashcards by Mackenzie Anthony

CENTRAL RAY (CR):

the center of a radiographic beam
will be demonstrated by a shadow created by the collimator light when positioning a patient
will be directed at particular anatomical structures to obtain accurate placement

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PART POSITION:

the position of the body part being exposed Example: on a Cervical Flexion view the head is in complete flexion
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PATIENT POSITION:

the postural attitude of the patient’s body during the exposure of the film Example: recumbent, seated, standing

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most chiropractic films are

weight bearing (standing or seated)

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TUBE:

the portion of the machine where x-ray radiation is produced and directed towards the patient

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TUBE TILT:

the angle of the x-ray machine tube

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TUBE/FILM DISTANCE

AKA Focal/Film Distance

distance between the tube and the film

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BUCKY:

the portion of the x-ray machine which houses the grid and the cassette will be placed during the exposure of a film

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COLLIMATION:

a mechanism (inside the tube) utilized to limit the exposure field
required to be seen on the film in some states

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CEPHALAD

towards the head or I-S

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CAUDAL

towards the feet or S-I

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SINGLE LETTER MARKERS:

the single letter marker indicates the patient’s appropriate side of the body part closest to the film during exposure

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MULTIPLE LETTER MARKERS:

the marker will indicate the body part closest to the film during the exposure Example: RAO, RPO

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PLACEMENT OF MARKER

Never obstruct any anatomical structure with a marker
Carefully place markers so that they are not collimated out of the exposed area of the film
Do not place markers in the area of the nameplate

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MITCHELL MARKERS

markers with mercury balls inside a small dome or bubble
when the bucky is upright the balls will be located at the bottom of the dome
when the bucky is parallel to the floor, the balls will be centrally located

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LATERAL CERVICAL VIEW:

CR?

CR: left to right or right to left (doctor’s choice except for scoliosis)

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LATERAL CERVICAL VIEW: PATIENT POSITION

patient’s coronal plane is perpendicular to the bucky

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LATERAL CERVICAL VIEW TUBE TILT

NONE

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LATERAL CERVICAL VIEW DEMONSTRATES:

body heights and widths,
disc height,
cervical curve,

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ADI

(less than 3 mm for adults, less than 5 mm for children),

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SELLA TURCICA

A-P NORMAL RANGE

5-16mm

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Sella Turcica S-I normal range

4-12mm

average: 8 mm

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Retropharyngeal Interspace

C1-3 levels

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Retrolaryngeal Interspace

C4-5 levels

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Retrotracheal Interspace

C6-7 levels

ANTEROPOSTERIOR CERVICAL VIEW: (aka LOWER CERVICAL) CENTRAL RAY?

A-P

Lower Cervical View patient position

patient's coronal plane is parallel to the bucky with midsagittal plane aligned with the vertical midline of the bucky

lower cervical TUBE TILT

15 degrees cephalad

LOWER CERV. DEMONSTRATES

Joints of Luschka, bony structures, soft tissue (trachea in the midline), air space (apex of the lungs)

ANTEROPOSTERIOR OPEN MOUTH VIEW | CR?

A-P

OPEN MOUTH PATIENT POSITION

patient's coronal plane is parallel to the bucky with the patient's midsagittal plane aligned with the vertical midline of the bucky. The patient's mouth is open and the head is extended 15 degrees (with CR parallel to the floor) or hard palate is parallel to the floor (with CR cephalad 15 degrees)

OPEN MOUTH DEMONSTRATES

atlas, axis and joints spaces

FLEXION AND EXTENSION CR?

left to right or right to left

FLEXION AND EXTENSION PATIENT POSITION?

PATIENT POSITION: the patient's coronal plane is perpendicular to the bucky with full flexion or full extension of the head

FLEXION AND EXTENSION DEMONSTRATES

ADI (should not deviate more than 1 mm from neutral lateral view), cervical curve, mobility of cervical spine

In a cervical LPO, what side is the IVF on?

Right

In a lateral cervical view, what portion of the segment is posterior to the vertebral body?

Articular pillar

In an A-P lower cervical, what parts make up the Joint of VonLuscka

Uncinate process and uncinate fossa

in a cervical RPO, is the marker closer to the body, or the SP?

Body

In a cervical LPO, which IV are we looking at?

Right IVF

CR for POSTERIOR OBLIQUES?

A-P

CR for anterior obliques?

P-A

CERVICAL OBLIQUES | PATIENT POS.?

the patient's coronal plane is angled 45 degrees to the bucky

POSTERIOR OBL. TUBE TILT?

CEPHALAD 15

ANTERIOR OBL. TUBE TILT?

CAUDAL 15

TUBE/FILM DISTANCE

AKA Focal/Film Distance distance -Distance between the tube and the film

In a cervical RAO, is the right pedile a bar or a circle?

R pedicle is a bar

In a cervical RAO, where is the name plate?

Upper R/lower left (don’t flip it)

Marker closer to the SP

in a cervical RAO, is the marker closer to the body or the SP?

In a cervical LPO, is the marker closer to the body or the SP?

Marker closer to the body

In a cervical LPO, where is the name plate?

Upper left, lower R

In a cervical LPO, is the L pedicle a bar or a circle?

L pedicle = circle

In a cervical RPO, is the L pedicle a bar or a circle?

L pedicle = bar

A-P THORACIC CR?

A-P

A-P THORACIC PATIENT POS?

coronal plane parallel to the bucky (the patient will be x-rayed supine if they are extremely obese)

A-P DEMONSTRATES

thoracic spine, ribs, lung fields, sternum

LATERAL CERVICOTHORACIC | AKA

SWIMMER’S VIEW

LATERAL CERVICOTHORACIC | CR?

obliquely left to right or obliquely right to left

LATERAL CERVICOTHORACIC | PATIENT POSITION?

the patient’s coronal plane is rotated 10-20 degrees off of perpendicular to the bucky with the arm next to the bucky flexed and the arm next to the tube extended

SWIMMER’S VIEW TUBE TILT?

caudal 5 degrees

SWIMMER’S VIEW DEMONSTRATES

lower cervical spine, upper thoracic spine

ANTEROPOSTERIOR LUMBAR | CR

A-P

AP LUMBAR PATIENT POSITION?

the patient’s coronal plane is parallel to the bucky with their midsagittal plane aligned with the midline

AP LUMBAR DEMONSTRATES

lumbar, pelvis, soft abdominal tissues, sacrum, hips

LATERAL LUMBOSACRAL CR?

right to left, left to right

LAT. LUMBAR PATIENT POS?

the patient’s coronal plane is perpendicular to the bucky

LAT. LUMBAR DEMONSTRATES?

lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx, soft tissue

POSTERIOR LUMBAR OBLIQUE CR?

A-P

ANTERIOR LUMBAR OBL. CR?

P-A

LUMBAR OBLIQUES | PATIENT POS?

coronal plane angled 45 degrees

LUMBAR OBLIQUES | DEMONSTRATE

Scotty dog to observe integrity of the pars interarticularis

ANTEROPOSTERIOR PELVIS

A-P

A-P- PELVIS PAT. POS?

the patient’s coronal plane is parallel to the bucky with their midsagittal plane aligned with the midline

A-P PELVIS DEMONSTRATES?

both inominates, sacrum, proximal femur heads, coccyx, soft tissue

A-P SACRUM

CR: A-P

A-P SACRUM PAT. POS?

the patient’s coronal plane is parallel to the bucky and their midsagittal plane is aligned with the midline

A-P SACRUM TUBE TILT?

15 degrees cephalad (perpendicular to the sacrum)

A-P SACRUM

sacrum, S-I joints, coccyx, lumbosacral joint

LATERAL SACRUM | CR?

left to right or right to left

A-P SACRUM PAT. POS?

the patient’s coronal plane is perpendicular to the bucky

A-P SACRUM DEMONSTRATES?

sacrum, lumbosacral joint, coccyx

A-P OPEN MOUTH VIEW

Taken A-P | Read P-A

A-P OPEN MOUTH VIEW NAMEPLATE??

upper left/lower right

A-P OPEN MOUTH VIEW | DEMONSTRATES?

Atlas, Axis, Atlanto-occipital joint, Atlanto-Axial jointtext

In an A-P thoracic view, what is it called when the diaphragm meets the ribs?

Costophrenic angle

An an A-P lumbopelvic view, what is lateral to the obturator foramen

Ishial tube

In an A-P lumbopelvic view, what is lateral to the apoposeal joint?

Superior arti. Process of inferior segment

In a lateral lumbosacrao view, which process is closer to vertebral bodies?

Sup. Art. Facet

In an A-P lumbopelvic view, what makes up the sideways ‘v’ shpae?

Ischial spine

In an A-P lower cervical view, what is tube tilt?

15 cephalad

In an A-P thoracic view, what is the white density in the middle cavity that looks like pulled cotton?

Hilus of the lung

In a lateral cervical view, what is posterior to the vertebral body

Articular pilar

In an A-P thoracic view, are the name plate and the heart shadow on the same side?

YES

Name 5 things an A-P lower cervical view demonstrates:

Bony tissue , lower cervical | spine , soft tissue-tracheal air shadow , air-apex of lungs , jts : IVD & Von Luschka

In an A-P thoracic view, what is tube tilt?

NONE

In an A-P thoracic view, what is it called where the heart meets the diaphragm?

Cardiophrenic angle

What is the tube tilt for an A-P lower cervical?

15⁰ cephalad

Name three things that an APOM shows? D

Dens, C1\C2 capsule , Foramen magnum

In a cervical RAO, is the right pedicle a bar or a circle?

R pedicle is a bar

In a cervical LPO, is the L pedicle a bar or a circle?

L pedicle = circle

In a cervical RPO, is the L pedicle a bar or a circle?

L pedicle = bar

MIDTERM Flashcards

(101 cards)