Midterm

Question 0

Basic assumptions: individuals are:

Answer 0

Social beings
Socially determined (Ex. Influence that parents have on where you are today)
Socially interactions and constructs (gender, age) determine individual behaviour

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

The study of the social life, including all forms of social interaction and relationships

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

Ways of life people create in a specific group at a particular time and place

Question 3

Society

Answer 3

Collection of people living in a defines geographical territory and united through a political system and a shared sense of self-identification that distinguishes them from others.

Question 4

Based on social constructs:

Answer 4

An idea about how to think, feel, or behave that was invented by a group of people, becoming standard over time through norms

Question 5

Units of sociological analysis:

Answer 5

Macro level-societal norms, values, roles in soviet and social institutions

Micro-level- groups

Individual level (social psychological units): exercise psychology as an example- thoughts/beliefs are influenced by others

Question 6

Sports/PA are a microcosm of society.

Has 3 main goals:

Answer 6

1) To look at PA and associated health outcomes with a gaze that goes beyond our common understanding of social life.
Eg; responsibility for being active: individual or society?

2) To identify and and analyze patterns of change or stability in PA and associated health outcomes.
Eg; Have PA patterns in society changed or remained stable over time? Are PA levels consistently different in certain groups over time?

3) To critique PA programs in order to identify problems and recommend changes to enhance equality and human well-being.
- focus on changes to society versus changes to the individual

Question 7

Epidemiology

Answer 7

The primary focus of epidemiology is not on individuals but on the health problems of large groups of people

• study determinants and distributions of disease frequency
• is the science of epidemics (infectious disease)
• now focuses on science of chronic disease and health promoting behaviours (eg: PA)

Question 8

Social structural factors **

Answer 8

Encompass positive and neg factors within society’s structure that influence people abilities to participate fully in their social surroundings
- race , age, gender, sexual orientation, and social class.

Question 9

Health

Answer 9

According to the World Health Organization (WHO):
A state if complete physical and mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
-social isolation kills, older adults that are alone die earlier.

Question 10

Risk Factors

Answer 10

Increase the chance of onset of disease or injury

Eg. Physical inactivity, smoking, obesity, bad diet, family history.

Question 11

Exercise***

Answer 11

-*** planned, structured and repetitive PA designed to improve or maintain at least one component of physical fitness
(Health or performance, have to have goals)

Question 12

Leisure Time PA

Answer 12

activity done in ones free time that leads to a substantial increase in total daily energy expenditure
- must involve personal choice.

Question 13

Physical fitness

Answer 13

A set of attributes that people have to achieve that relates to their abilities to perform physical activity.

Question 14

Health-related components of fitness

-5 components

Answer 14

Components of fitness affected by regular PA and relate to performance

1) Muscular power
2) speed
3) agility
4) balance
5) reaction time

Question 15

Which component of fitness are we trying to promote in Canadian Society?

Answer 15

HEALTH

Question 16

Sport

Answer 16

A form of leisure-time PA that is planned, structured, and competitive.

Question 17

Active Living

Answer 17

A way of life in which PA is valued and integrated into daily living

Question 18

Physical Activity Guidelines

Adults 18-64

Answer 18

150 min/wk of mod-vig
in bouts of 10 min or more
also beneficial to add muscle and bone strengthening activities at least 2 day/wk

Question 19

PA Guidelines

65+

Answer 19

Same as adults but with:
-improvements in functional ablilites
mod to vig
Those with poor mobility- do PA to enhance balance and prevent falls

Question 20

PA Guidelines

Children 5-11 and Youth 12-17

Answer 20

60 min/day mod-vig

• vig at least 3 day/wk and
• bone and muscles strengthening at least 3 days/wk

Question 21

PA Guidelines
Early years (0-4 yrs)

Answer 21

< 1 yr: PA several times/day (interactive floor based play)
1-4 yrs: 180 min at any intensity throughout the day

Progress to 60+ min of energetic play by 5 yrs

Question 22

Sedentary Guidelines

Children (5-11) and Youth (12-17)

Answer 22

Minimize time spent being sedentary
Limit screen time to no more than 2 hours/day
Limit sedentary (motorized) transport, extended sitting, and time spent indoors throughout the day

Question 23

Sedentary Guidelines
Early Years (0-4 yrs)

Answer 23

minimize time spent being sedentary, including prolonged sitting or being restrained
<2 yrs: NO screen time
2-4 yrs: limit screen time to no more than 2 hours/day

Question 24

Physical Activity Rates in Canadian Children and Youth

Answer 24

only 7% meet guidelines | -boys higher than girls

Question 25

Most common chronic diseases

Answer 25

CV, cancer, respiratory and diabetes.

Question 26

Chronic diseases have two main characteristics:

Answer 26

1) Are irreversible are rarely cured 2) Have mulitple causes and risk factors -most can be prevented by eliminating shared risk factors

Question 27

Proximal risk factors****

Answer 27

own behaviours, how active/healthy

Question 28

Distal risk factors****

Answer 28

poverty, lack of education, housing, and environmental contaminants -make it harder to stay healthy

Question 29

Reasons for high prevalence of chronic diseases:

Answer 29

1) Tremendous population growth 2) Increase in total life expectancy - due to decreased prevalence in communicable diseases; technology improvements Have combined such that more people are living longer. Thus, increasing the pool of people at risk for chronic diseases.

Question 30

Social structure factors

Answer 30

social class (income, where you live, job), race, age, gender, sexual orientation

Question 31

Social class

Answer 31

The categories of people who share a position is society based on a combination of their income, wealth, education, occupation and social connections. People in a particular social class share similar LIFE CHANCES Social classes exist in all industrial countries

Question 32

What are the social classes in Canada?

Answer 32

Upper class, middle, working and lower classes make up the health social gradient.