Midterm Flashcards
(45 cards)
Complex sounds often…
multiple frequencies
The basal ganglia allows rapid motor onsets and offsets through:
“inhibiting the inhibitor”
- supplementary motor area (SMA) & premotor cortex initiate a movement command; activation of the caudate and putamen
- C and P inhibit the globus pallidus (GP)
- The GP releases its ongoing inhibition of motor nuclei of the thalamus
- The thalamus now excites the primary motor cortex to enable movement
Activity in the Fusiform Face Area (FFA) is associated with:
facial recognition, enhanced responses to faces as opposed to other objects
Lightness refers to _______ while luminance refers to ______
- an apparent reflectance of the surface
- the physical measure of light intensity
Our visual systems cannot distinguish illumination, reflectance, and transmittance - how do we manage?
Modulation of perceptual qualities are determined empirically - by prior experience. Learn through development (trial and error)
Auditory frequencies are converted into auditory nerve activity in the:
hair cells in the cochlea
The territorial membrane contains hair cells that
respond to sounds, in order to open channels to allow an influx of K+ and Calcium which causes the release of neurotransmitters to create an action potential (neural transduction
The cerebellum’s role in motor control might be described as:
a huge data processor - crunching the numbers to adjust motor output to sensory feedback and thus enable fine motor control in changing contexts
The cerebellum’s role in cognitive control might be a means to:
huge processing power of the cerebellum is “hijacked” to serve as a “what if” function for potential future behaviors = pre-error monitoring
Reading text is primarily accomplished with _____ eye movements
saccades
Alertness is related to ______ of EEG
Beta waves
arousal level
Selective attention refers to our tendency to
filter irrelevant/ non-life-threatening input/info
Evidence suggests that selective attention operates by:
filtering input (early, late, both)
Event related potentials modulated by attention appear:
to reflect “psychological” processes, such as novelty, signal value, emotional quality of stimuli
Pop-out effects are insensitive to _______
number of distractions
The dorsal voluntary attention network is made up of:
intraparietal sulcus
junction of the precentral
superior frontal sulcus
Covert spatial attention appears to be associated with _______ regions of the dorsal attention network
FEF (frontal eye fields) and IPS (Interaparietal sulcus)
“Preparatory bias” refers to:
the increased activity in sensory cortex that is the result of “top-down”cues that direct spatial attention; present prior to stimulus, reveals power of “top down” visual attention to prime brain to process input
Which attention theory included a modulatory role for the brainstem?
Late selection model
Perceptual “binding” may be achieved through :
the thalamus and its back and forth connections to the cortex
Low light conditions are processed primarily with
rods
Coarse visual information is channeled through the _______ layers of the LGN
magnocellular
Visual stimulus contrast and orientation are processed primarily in:
V1 - calcarine fissure
Processing of visual motion takes place primarily in:
- dorsal stream (mango cells)
- Middle Temporal (MT) and Middle Superior Temporal (MST)
