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biology > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals of science?

A

to investigate and understand the natural world
to explain events in the natural world
to make useful predictions

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2
Q

information gathered during an experiment

A

data

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3
Q

a prediction about what will happen in an experiment

A

hypothesis

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4
Q

How many variables should be tested in a controlled experiment?

A

1

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of a scientist, and what do they mean?

A

curious - want to know
creative - think of new ideas
open-minded - willing to accept possibilities
skeptical - don’t blindly trust (want proof)

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6
Q

Who reviews for peer-reviewed journals?

A

anonymous and independent experts

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7
Q

What would we call a well tested idea that makes predictions in numerous circumstances with one particular exception?

A

a theory that needs revision

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8
Q

a personal preference or point of view

A

bias

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9
Q

the process by which organisms keep everything inside their body within certain limits

A

homeostasis

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10
Q

the basic unit of length in the metric system

A

meter

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11
Q

the three particles in an atom

A

proton, neutron, electron

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12
Q

How do you find the mass of an atom?

A

protons plus neutrons

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13
Q

In C-14, what does the 14 stand for?

A

protons plus neutrons (mass)

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14
Q

What is an isotope?

A

an atom of the same element with an unusual number of neutrons

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15
Q

What do we call a substance formed by the chemical joining of two or more elements in definite amounts?

A

compound

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16
Q

What makes a covalent bond?

A

sharing electrons

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17
Q

What electrons are available to form bonds?

A

valence electrons

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18
Q

Since electrons spend more time around oxygen, the oxygen is what?

A

slightly negative

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19
Q

When salt is dissolved in water, the salt and water are called what?

A

salt - solute

water - solvent

20
Q

pH of 6 indicates what type of solution?

A

acid

21
Q

solutions with more OH than H are called what?

A

base (alkaline)

22
Q

Carbon is element number 6 with 2 electrons in the first ring and 4 electrons in the second ring. How many bonds can carbon form?

A

4

23
Q

What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?

A

rearranged

24
Q

Identify the reactants and products in the following equation:
CO2 + H2O yields H2CO3

A

reactants - CO2 and H2O

product - H2CO3

25
Q

What is the term for substances that speed up chemical reactions?

A

catalysts

26
Q

Cells with a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles are called what?

A

eukaryotes

27
Q

Organisms that must eat other organisms for energy are called what?

A

heterotroph

28
Q

How would a student be able to look at cells under a microscope and tell that they are not animal cells?

A

have cell walls

29
Q

In fish, what do pharyngeal pouches become?

A

gills

30
Q

What is the function of the notochord in a chordate embryo?

A

structure and support

31
Q

What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?

A

increases genetic diversity

32
Q

What type of skeleton do vertebrates have?

A

endoskeleton

33
Q

What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?

A

rapid reproduction - lots of babies

34
Q

Animals with a space around their digestive tract but no mesoderm around the tract are called what?

A

pseudocoelomates

35
Q

What is bilateral symmetry?

A

when animals can be cut in only one plant and have mirror image right and left sides

36
Q

What type of symmetry has body parts extending out from a center?

A

radial symmetry

37
Q

What is a coelom?

A

a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

38
Q

the embryo stage which is a hollow ball of cells

A

blastula

39
Q

Name the three germ layers, and describe where each is found?

A

endoderm - inner layer
mesoderm - middle layer
ectoderm - outer layers

40
Q

What is the difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

A

protostomes - mouth first (from blastopore)

deuterostomes - mouth second (anus from blastopore)

41
Q

a fertilized egg

A

zygote

42
Q

Name what tissues develop from each of the three germ layers?

A

endoderm - lining of digestive and respiratory tracts (lungs)
ectoderm - skin and nerves
mesoderm - muscle, bone, and blood

43
Q

How many planes of symmetry are found in radially symmetrical organisms?

A

many - infinite

44
Q

What happened during the Cambrian Explosion?

A

most animal phyla developed

45
Q

What are the most simple animals with body symmetry?

A

Cnidarians - radially symmetrical

46
Q

a flexible, supporting rod found only in chordates

A

notochord

47
Q

a thumb moving against the fingers - what is it for

A

opposable thumb - grasping

biology (16 decks)

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