Midterm

Question 0

The field of culture and personality is concerned with.. Secondary

Answer 0

Configurations in which the pattering and organization of the whole is more important than any of the components parts l.

Question 1

The field of culture and personality is concerned with..

Answer 1

The ways in which culture of a society influence the persons who grow up within it.

Question 2

2. A fundamental issue of cross-cultural psychological research is that..

Answer 2

Most propositions of personality and human behavior have been established from a western perspective. Was ethnocentric and generalized from a bias sample.
- because came from white males mostly college students

Question 3

2 a secondary. A fundamental issue of cross-cultural psychological research is that…

Answer 3

Western psychology is rooted in an ideology of individualism, rationality, and empiricism that has little resonance in many of the more than 5000 culture found in today world.

Textbooks& journals are filled with concepts, theories, and research finding that at the surface appear applicable to all humans

Question 4

3a cultural learning depends on

Answer 4

Symbols

• – symbolic learning for language
• you do not need schools and it can be passed form a oral tradition

Question 5

3a symbols example are

Answer 5

Hand gesture, body positions, colors

Question 6

4. Enculturation to a particular society involves

Answer 6

Conscious and unconscious leaning.
It is how we acquire our first culture, through observing and imitating others.

Internalizing cultural traditions.. Sometime it is taught directly.

Question 7

4. Enculturation to a particular society involves secondary

Answer 7

Require that both the social world and the child engage with their ideal social inheritance so child can become an adult member

Question 8

5 when it says culture is patterned what does it mean?

Answer 8

Cultures train their individuals members to share certain personality traits (all interconnected or shared)

Question 9

5 when it says culture is patterned what does it mean? (Secondary)

Answer 9

American core values: work ethics, individualism, achievement, self reliance

Different values patterned with other cultures.

Question 10

5 when it says culture is patterned what does it mean? (Third)

Answer 10

Culture is a system where all components are interconnected and is passed on from generation to generation as a package

Question 11

6. Ethnocentrism who coined term?

Answer 11

Summers

Question 12

6. Definition of ethnocentrism.

Answer 12

Tendency to view ones own culture as superior and to apply ones own cultural values i judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures.

Believed to be a universal phenomenon

Question 13

6. Other forms of ethnocentrism

Answer 13

With or without hostility towards out groups– always involving the tendency to elevate ones own group.

Students in different cultures show differ levels of ethnocentrism.

Connection between ethnocentrism and authoritarianism and ethno and fundamentalism.

Question 14

Ethnocentrism levels?

Answer 14

Vary from culture to culture and exposure to diversity is likely to play a contributing role in reducing it.

Question 15

Cultural relativism

Answer 15

Argument that behavior in a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of another.

Idea we should study cultures in a non-objective way/not filter things our lens.

Question 16

8. Distinguishing normality v. Pathology

1

Answer 16

By agreement with experts

Question 17

8. Distinguishing normality v. Pathology (2)

Answer 17

By deviating from the mean: use of scales and measurement

Question 18

8. Distinguishing normality v. Pathology (3)

Answer 18

By assessment of function - condition that provides heathy or u health is bases for judgement. Judges primary by its impact on the individual, others, and the environment

Question 19

8. Distinguishing normality v. Pathology (4)

Answer 19

By social judgment: decision is subject to the social knowledge and attitudes found in member of society

Question 20

9. If the variable of socio- cultural environment favors the development of certain psychopathology, that pathology will be

Answer 20

More prevalent

If environment doesn’t favor will be less prevalent

Question 21

10a. Abram kardiners Concept of basics personality structure focuses on..

Answer 21

Role played by deeply unconscious motives whose play facilitates or hampers survival and other adaptive tasks in charge of the ego.

• was concerned with elements of individuals social relationships

Question 22

10 b. Abram hardiness concept of basic personality structure focus on..

Answer 22

Basic personality arises out of relatively common experience.

Additional info.

• psychoanalyst
  Believe culture presented as cause of different personality across culture

Question 23

11. Abram kardiners primary institutions will ( primary)

Answer 23

Cultural practices that infants and children meet in the way they are fed, receive affection, become potty trained, learn to handle sex, dependence, and hostility

• include individuals earliest experience and trauma being included in that

Question 24

11. Abram kardiners primary institutions will (secondary)

Answer 24

Depends primary on parent economic roles Time spent child rearing -- they will effect the basic personally functions Early trauma leave a lasting effect

Question 25

12 according to abram kardiners secondary institutions will

Answer 25

Expressive mechanism/ behaviors that allow people to maintain relative equilibrium by discharging tension emanating from those enduring traces of unhappy early experience - activists people take part in allow ego opportunity to assert itself and take vengeance on parent and test growing independence

Question 26

12. Example of Expressive mechanism

Answer 26

Religion, folklore, dance

Question 27

13. Which of the following statement best describes origins or birth of psychological and anthropology and cross cultural studies

Answer 27

Cross-cultural work appeared early in twentieth century. Edward Sapir Wihelm Wundt - folk psycjology 1916 Rivers conducted visual perception across cultures

Question 28

13. Who was the father of modern American anthropology

Answer 28

Franz boas | - departure from racist interpretation to scientific approach

Question 29

14. Ruth bendict explained the congruency btwn personality and culture in

Answer 29

Culture is the personality of society Influence by Nichi Everything should be seen and inter-involved Was proving cultural relativism Culture and personality are so interconnect they must be viewed together.

Question 30

15. A significant critic a of Ruth be edicts pattern of culture is

Answer 30

1. She never addressed within culture differences Cultures are not homogenous as she proposed Degree of interculure variation Did not use enough quantitative data Lacked uniformity in study

Question 31

16. What is individualism

Answer 31

The idea that the individual's life belongs to him and he had an inalienable right to live it as he sees fit, to act on his own judgement, to keep and use the product his effort and to pursue the values of his choosing

Question 32

16. What is collectivism

Answer 32

The idea that the individual's life belongs not to him but to the group of society of which he is merely a part, that he has no rights, and that he must sacrifice his values for the groups greater. Chinese

Question 33

17. Emic approach to study

Answer 33

Inside view, hearing from the actor. - phonemics are sounds hah distinguish languages from one another, leading to the use of emic. - has the px explain their pt of view Tell me what is it like too..

Question 34

17. Qualitative method that are emic

Answer 34

Purposive sampling Naturalistic observation Field notes, coding, theme analysis, case study, life history,

Question 35

Every culture recognizes the value of intelligence Etic v. Emic

Answer 35

Etic

Question 36

Every culture differs widely in specific aspects of intelligence (type of speed o f problem solving) Emic or Etic

Answer 36

Emic

Question 37

-- approach involves study of a particular culture, usually from within from the perspective of the members in the culture. Ex indigenous psychology

Answer 37

Emic

Question 38

Cross cultural commonality Emic or Etic

Answer 38

Etic

Question 39

Meaningful concepts within a specific culture Emic or Etic

Answer 39

Emic

Question 40

19. A key difference between cultural and General psychology is that..

Answer 40

Culture tend to dish cultures quite different from their own, interested in natural non-contrived setting and situations, and focus on context. - hybrid of psychology and anthropology see psychology as context bound concepts See culture as internal to person.

Question 41

What is indigenous psychopathology

Answer 41

Made up

Question 42

What is emic?

Answer 42

I as a researcher can not have preto sides ideas. I want person to tell me from their pt of view. Quantitative methods are used but they are time consuming.

Question 43

What is Etic

Answer 43

``` Preconceived idea of what behavior is like and your filter this based on those assumptions. Quantitative methods are used Experimentation, Field experiments Quads experiments Human cognition and behavior ```

Question 44

Emic and Etic defined

Answer 44

Evolved from linguistic usage describing to evaluative. Phonetic - given rise to Etic because all languages have phonetics Phonemics - sounds that distinguishes languages from one another, uses emic as term to den oct a dilute limited

Question 45

Cross cultures commonalities (Etic approach)

Answer 45

That is likely to investigate one of more characteristics or multiple cultures, often from the outside imposing external measurements.

Question 46

Dangers d Etic

Answer 46

Researches maybe tempted to impose their own board and expectations on other cultures and resulted lose opportunity for meaningful comparison

Question 47

What is conceptual equivalence

Answer 47

When conducting cross cultural research experimenter must monitor the degree to which their methodology is equivalent across cultures and groups.

Question 48

Three sources or no equivalence.

Answer 48

Translation, conceptual, metic, Researches can introduce conceptual non equivalence event through demographic forms bed use it maybe difficult to control from ages sex religions

Question 49

What is metric equivalence

Answer 49

The ability to compare the specific scores on a scale of interest across cultures. May not exist within a culture when studying a diverse popularity.. - age, impact completion of time yet l, physical ability, varying culture norms may impact

Question 50

What is transductive causality

Answer 50

An overt limitation of the pre-operational stage.