Midterm 3

Question 1

What are the 3 traditional views of audiences

Answer 1

Effects Research
Cultivation Analysis
Uses & Gratification

Question 2

What is effects research? Provide an example

Answer 2

Media directly affects thought and behaviors of “mindless” audiences
Ex) Cultural Doops passively accept the messages that media give us

Question 3

What is cultivation analysis? Provide an example

Answer 3

media “cultivates” a negative perception of society, particularly for heavy viewers
(mean world syndrome)
Ex) social media makes people believe that society is more violent than it actually is

Question 4

What is the uses and gratifications of traditional view audiences

Answer 4

audiences actively consume media for their own ends

Ex) escapism - using media to gratify needs

Question 5

What is polsemy

Answer 5

the openness of a text to multiple interpretations

Question 6

What is semiotic excess? Provide an example

Answer 6

within polsemy: the extra signifiers that can take on a variety of meaning to the audience
Ex) Uniqua from Backyardigans

Question 7

What is polyvalence?

Provide an example

Answer 7

audience members share denotative understanding of a text, but disagree on connotation of a text.
Denotative would be a chicken and connotative would be the value of it a pet

Question 8

What are interpretive communities

Answer 8

groups of people with shared viewpoint or experience who interpret a text the same

Question 9

What does Stanley Fish about meaning in text

Answer 9

the text itself does not come with meaning, the meaning resides in the audience

Question 10

What is the benefit of interpretive communities in media

Answer 10

Audiences and producers both belong to interpretive communities, therefore the texts can be interpreted in similar ways by multiple people

Question 11

What was the premise of Radway’s romance study

Answer 11

interviewed a community of female romance novel readers to understand the meaning they attributed to the novels

Question 12

What did Radway disocer about female romance novel readers?

Answer 12

Used the novels to consciously meet their needs and escape to a world where their needs are met by a “nurturing man”

Question 13

What is the feminist perspective of Radways study

Answer 13

if woman are reading them it is worth understanding and looking at

Question 14

What is impression management

Answer 14

How we perform our desired impression of ourselves through our behavior

Question 15

What are the 4 elements of impression management

SSPT

Answer 15

stage
setting
part
team

Question 16

Within impression management what is the stage performance and its 2 aspects

Answer 16

our public (front stage) and private (back stage) performances differ

Question 17

What is the setting of our performance

Answer 17

the situation/context that alters our behavior

Question 18

what is our element of “part” in performance

Answer 18

use of appearance and manner to convey a particular image

Question 19

What is the “team” element of impression management

Answer 19

we collaborate with others in our performances

Question 20

Who is the theorist behind impression management

Answer 20

Erving Goffman and the concept of Dramaturgy

Question 21

What are media frames

Answer 21

How information is presented in a way that shapes our knowledge

Question 22

What is the “selection” of media frames

Answer 22

what is included (and therefore excluded in the presented information

Question 23

What is the emphasis in media frames

Answer 23

what is give more or less attention

Question 24

What are the three aspects of media frames?

SEP

Answer 24

selection
emphasis
presentation

Question 25

What is the presentation of media frames

Answer 25

what attitudes are suggested (through visual or auditory symbols)

Question 26

Who coined the theory equipment for living

Answer 26

Kenneth Burke

Question 27

What do the equipment for living in media provide

Answer 27

media messages provide people with - help to address the challenges in their everyday life - solve our guilt

Question 28

What are the two equipment's of living to resolve guilt | TC

Answer 28

Tragedy | Comedy

Question 29

What is the aspect of tragedy regarding resolving guilt

Answer 29

feeling relief when seeing a character punished

Question 30

What is the aspect of comedy regarding resolving guilt

Answer 30

helps us see that error is part of the human condition and leads us to forgiveness

Question 31

Why do we experience guilt in society according to Kenneth Burke

Answer 31

society is governed by hierarchy, so when we fall short of expectations, we experience guilt

Question 32

What is erotics | Provide an example

Answer 32

``` simultaneously disruptive (taboo) and productive (of something new) - shame and enjoyment conflicting responses Ex) picture of a baby beside a doll passed out thinking was I that drunk ```

Question 33

Define pleasure. Provide an example

Answer 33

buying into the dominant/hegemonic message within a text | Ex) Mulveys male gaze

Question 34

What is intertextuality

Answer 34

how texts refer to other texts

Question 35

How does intertextuality relate to pleasure

Answer 35

pleasure arises in part from recognition of intertextuality

Question 36

What is Parodic Allusion. Provide an example

Answer 36

a text that parodies another | Ex) South Park

Question 37

What is Creative Appropriation. Provide an example

Answer 37

a text borrows style or symbols from another text | Ex) Nomage

Question 38

What is a Self-Reflexive Reference? | Provide an example

Answer 38

acknowledges external events/issues through inside jokes | Ex) Fuller house making a comment about why Mary-Kate and Ashley are not in the show

Question 39

What embodies a grotesque body

Answer 39

unruly or dis figuration often in horror or reality tv

Question 40

What is abjection. Provide an example

Answer 40

crossing cultural boundaries with the representation of "disgusting" body function Ex) Body fluid humor

Question 41

What is uncrowning? Provide an example

Answer 41

ridiculing those in power | Ex) Bill Cosby

Question 42

What is ambivalence in Carnivalesque Texts? Provide an example

Answer 42

presence of contradictory feeling, often spurs social change | Ex) Simultaneously being attracted and repelled by a text such as mean facebook posts

Question 43

What is user participation in Transgressive Practices

Answer 43

audience directly engages with the text

Question 44

What are the 3 aspects of user participation that users gain pleasure through

Answer 44

Control Immersion Performance

Question 45

What is control regarding user participation

Answer 45

something challenging but not impossible

Question 46

what is immersion regarding user participation

Answer 46

escape or losing track of time

Question 47

what is performance regarding user participation

Answer 47

experimentation with other identities

Question 48

What aspects of user participation is Netflix

Answer 48

immersion and escape

Question 49

What is user created content regarding transgressive practices? Provide an example?

Answer 49

when the audience becomes the producer | Ex) YouTube

Question 50

Define Fandom

Answer 50

communities organized around a particular text

Question 51

Define semiotic productivity

Answer 51

- personalizing texts | - providing parasocial relationship with celebrities

Question 52

Define enunciative productivity? Provide an example

Answer 52

public and communal sharing of interest in text | Ex) Spoilers, insider information on Big Brother

Question 53

Define textual productivity? Provide an example

Answer 53

fans produce and circulate their own versions of the text | Ex) Fanfiction

Question 54

What are the 3 central premises of medium theory?

Answer 54

1) each medium of communication has a relatively unique, fixed set of characteristics 2) characteristics produce a particular type of communication environment 3) the communication environment has consequences for human consciousness and social organization

Question 55

What are the 2 basic ideas of medium theory

Answer 55

Ecology | Media Ecology

Question 56

What is the focus of ecology according to the medium theory

Answer 56

focuses on interactions between individuals and their environment

Question 57

What is media ecology according to the medium theory

Answer 57

the study of media as a fundamental aspect of our social environment which changes over time

Question 58

What are the 5 characteristics of Third Wave Media | VIVCD

Answer 58

``` variability interactivity virtuality connectivity digitality ```

Question 59

What are the 4 logics/effect of Third Wave Media? PACA **Think of the class activity regarding radio

Answer 59

Prosumptive Affective Contingent Associational

Question 60

What is the prosumptive logic of Third Wave Media? | Provide an example

Answer 60

audience participation | ex) radio contests

Question 61

What is the contingent logic of Third Wave Media? | Provide an example

Answer 61

- multiple perspectives - rejection ex) radio in red deer does not possess multiple perspectives as opposed to satellite radio

Question 62

What is the associational logic of Third wave media? | Provide an example

Answer 62

nonlinear thinking, "surfing" | Ex) surfing quickly through radio stations

Question 63

What is the affective logic of Third wave media? | Provide an example

Answer 63

appeal to multiple senses | Ex) television (visual and auditory)

Question 64

What is media literacy

Answer 64

understanding how media works in our own lives and sharing the knowledge with others

Question 65

What is Culture Jamming

Answer 65

the use of familiar media symbols and channels to reveal and overturn the consumerist or capitalist society they embody (activism)

Question 66

What is media reform

Answer 66

individual citizens and interest groups working to effective change in the structure and operation of mass media industries