Midterm 3 Diseases

Question 1

sciatica

Answer 1

herniated lumbar disc which presses on sacral dorsal roots → aching, stabbing pain over distribution of sciatic nerve

Question 2

shingles

Answer 2

reactivation of chicken pox (varicella), virus travels up sensory neuron. red painful itchy rash within dermatome of sensory nerve. reactivated by stress.

Question 3

poliomyelitis

Answer 3

infection by poliovirus causes inflammation of grey matter and destruction of motor neurons

spinal polio: asymmetric muscle paralysis, most common
bulbar polio: weakness of muscles innervated by cranial nerves
polioencephalitis: infection of brainstem or higher brain

Question 4

myasthenia gravis

Answer 4

disorder of somatic motor system
progressive weakening of skeletal muscles
autoimmune
antibodies diminish acetylcholine receptors at motor endplates

Question 5

Raynaud’s disease

Answer 5

constriction of blood vessels provoked by cold or stress

Question 6

hypertension

Answer 6

high blood pressure due to overactive sympathetic vasoconstriction

Question 7

Kartagener’s syndrome

Answer 7

immotile cilia syndrome
dyenin arms don’t form
respiratory infections

Question 8

peptic ulcers

Answer 8

Heliobacter pylori, acid resistant bacteria that bind to gastric epithelium → over secretion of acid → inflammation

Question 9

bronchial asthma

Answer 9

constriction of bronchiole smooth muscle which results in difficulty in inhalation

Question 10

emphysema

Answer 10

breakdown of alveolar walls, lost in elasticity → air trapping

Question 11

valve stenosis

Answer 11

fusion of cusps in cardiac valves

Question 12

atherosclerosis

Answer 12

fatty deposits in coronary artery

Question 13

angina pectoris

Answer 13

chest pain from cardiac muscle ischemia from decreased blood supply to cardiac muscle due to coronary artery disease; this chest pain is perceived by the visceral sensory fibers

Question 14

myocardial infarction

Answer 14

heart attack

diseased coronary artery becomes blocked which results in interruption of blood supply to cardiac muscle

Question 15

congestive heart disease

Answer 15

progressive weakening of heart

Question 16

pulmonary arterial hypertension

Answer 16

Enlargement and potential failure of right ventricle from the elevated pressure in the pulmonary circuit

Question 17

arrythmia

Answer 17

abnormal heart rate/rhythm

Question 18

atrial fibrillation

Answer 18

random stimulation of av node causing blood to slosh back and forth

Question 19

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 19

ventricles not in sync

Question 20

aneurism

Answer 20

dilation of blood vessel burst

Question 21

deep vein thrombosis

Answer 21

clot of lower limb

Question 22

athersclerosis

Answer 22

fat deposits in arteries → coronary artieries → ischemic heart disease

Question 23

thrombocytopenia

Answer 23

low [platelets]

Question 24

polycythemia

Answer 24

high level of RBC

Question 25

anemia

Answer 25

low RBC

Question 26

hemachromotosis

Answer 26

excess iron

Question 27

sickle cell disease

Answer 27

defective hemoglobin | protects from malaria

Question 28

leukemia

Answer 28

cancer abnormal lymphoblastic cells abnormal myeloblastic cells

Question 29

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 29

skin cancer, least dangerous

Question 30

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 30

keratinocyte of stratum spinosum

Question 31

melanoma

Answer 31

most dangerous, cancer of melanocytes

Question 32

chylothorax

Answer 32

leakage of lymph into thorax

Question 33

lymphangitis

Answer 33

inflammation of lymph vessel

Question 34

adentitia

Answer 34

inflammation of lymph node

Question 35

hodgkin's disease

Answer 35

malignancies of lymph nodes

Question 36

UTI

Answer 36

more common in the ladies | burning

Question 37

renal calculi

Answer 37

kidney stones

Question 38

bladder cancer

Answer 38

3% of men

Question 39

kidney cancer

Answer 39

epithelial cells of urine tubules