Midterm #3 - Psychosis

Question 1

delusions

Answer 1

• irrational unrealistic beliefs
• bizarre and not shared by those in the same culture
• part of psychosis

Question 2

hallucinations

Answer 2

• sensory experiences that others don’t have
• absence of external events
• part of psychosis

Question 3

schizophrenia

Answer 3

• 2+ symptoms for a 1 month period: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, gross disorganization/catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms (need one of the first 3)
• disturbance for at least 6 months
• low level of functioning

Question 4

residual

Answer 4

• after a full blown psychotic episode
• left over behaviours that don’t meet the clinical threshold

Question 5

prodromal

Answer 5

• some symptoms, but not full blown
• can be in this period for a long time

Question 6

positive symptoms

Answer 6

• add something
• active manifesters of abnormal behaviour
• delusions and hallucinations

Question 6

delusions of grandeur

Answer 6

• positive symptom
• belief of being famous or powerful
• inflated sense of self

Question 6

delusions of persecution

Answer 6

• positive symptom
• other people are out to get you
• paranoia

Question 7

delusions of jealousy

Answer 7

• positive symptom
• significant feelings of envy
• usually about romantic relationships

Question 8

Cotard’s sydrome

Answer 8

• positive symptom
• belief that part of the body has been changed in an impossible way

Question 9

Capgras syndrome

Answer 9

• positive symptom
• belief that someone in their life has been replaced by some sort of double or impersonator

Question 10

negative symptoms

Answer 10

• absence or insufficiency of normal behaviour
• take something away
• 5 As: avolition, alogia, anhedonia, asociality, affective flattening

Question 11

avolition

Answer 11

• negative symptom
• inability to initiate/persist in activities
• can’t start things

Question 12

alogia

Answer 12

• negative symptom
• absence of speech
• brief replies

Question 13

anhedonia

Answer 13

• negative symptom
• lack of pleasure experienced
• can be caused by meds

Question 14

asociality

Answer 14

• negative symptom
• lack of interest in social interactions
• can be a significant change in functioning

Question 15

affective flattening

Answer 15

• negative symptom
• no open reaction to emotional situations
• vacant stares
• lacking expression

Question 16

disorganized symptoms

Answer 16

• erratic behaviours affecting speech
• motor behaviour
• emotional reactions
• don’t fit with positive or negative

Question 17

disorganized speech

Answer 17

• disorganized symptom
• communication problems
• going on tangents
• loose associations and meaningless words

Question 18

inappropriate affect and disorganized behaviour

Answer 18

• disorganized symptom
• laughing or crying at inappropriate times
• hoarding/collecting things with no use

Question 19

catatonic immobility

Answer 19

• disorganized symptom
• keeping body and limbs in the position they are put in by someone else
• body stays in one position for long periods

Question 20

schizophreniform disorder

Answer 20

• schizophrenia symptoms between 1 month and 6 months
• meets diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia after 6 months
• can usually function normally
• FORMS into schizophrenia

Question 21

schizoaffective disorder

Answer 21

• schizophrenia criterion A met along with a mood episode
• delusions and hallucinations

Question 22

delusional disorder

Answer 22

• persistent belief contrary to reality, lasts for a long time
• no other characteristics of schizophrenia
• erotomania
• grandiose
• somatic

Question 23

brief psychotic disorder

Answer 23

- 1+ positive symptoms lasting less than one month

Question 24

schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 24

- less severe schizophrenia symptoms - might not have same degree of impairment

Question 25

ideas of reference

Answer 25

- think that insignificant events relate directly to the self - can become problematic

Question 26

genetic influences

Answer 26

- multiple gene variances combine to produce vulnerability - 48% if identical twin has disorder - 17% with fraternal twin

Question 27

gene-environment interactions

Answer 27

- genes may act as vulnerability factors - interact with specific environmental pathogens at crucial developmental stages

Question 28

sociogenic hypothesis

Answer 28

- tendency for people with schizophrenia to be found in lower classes - lower socioeconomic status can be stressful

Question 29

social selection hypothesis

Answer 29

- individuals experience downward social drift into lower social classes - have a hard time maintaining life aspects

Question 30

biological treatments

Answer 30

- neuroleptics: help people think clearly, dopamine antagonist, side effects - newer antipsychotics: fewer side effects, reduce positive and negative symptoms

Question 31

behavioural family therapy

Answer 31

- help family to support individual - must be ongoing for benefit - reduce stigma

Question 32

CBT

Answer 32

- for symptoms of delusions and depression - regaining social skills and routines - holistic support - treat effects of what happened during a psychotic episode

Question 33

motivational view of delusions

Answer 33

- beliefs as attempts to deal with and relieve anxiety and stress

Question 34

deficit view of delusions

Answer 34

- beliefs as resulting from brain dysfunction that creates these disordered cognitions