Midterm Flashcards
Carbohydrate
C H O
Lipid
C H (and a little) O Saturated: no double bonds between c's Unsaturated: double bond
Protein
C H O N S
3 groups in proteins
R group: big
Carboxyl: choo
Amino: nhh
Nucleic acid
C H O N P
is most prominent in plant cells and is designed to hold water and other nutrients; vesicles are made in all eukaryotic cells
Vacuole
animal cells only; “garbage disposals” of the cell
Lysosomes
comprised of microfilaments and microtubules that give the cell its shape (includes cilia and flagella)
Cytoskeleton
animal cells only; involved in cell division
Centrioles
protein manufacturers; can be found free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
rough (proteins synthesized here) or smooth (lipids synthesized here and detoxification occurs here as well)
Endoplasmic reticulum
shipping/receiving; proteins are tagged for a particular final destination, and Golgi helps them get to where they need to go (within or outside of a cell)
Golgi apparatus
Photo synthesis equation
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light =C6H12O6 + 6 O2
C N O S P
4 3 2 2 3
C1) Can a theory change over time? Explain why or why not, using cell theory as an example.
Yes
4) Most enzymes in the human body work best at 37oC. Imagine scientists have discovered an enzyme in the body that works best at 39oC. What processes or functions might this enzyme be involved in?
H
It may have acid
6) Compare and contrast adhesion and cohesion, using capillary action (meniscus formation) as an example.
Cohesion: attracted to its self
Adhesion: attraction to something else
11) Discuss the relationship between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Do all heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for their survival? Explain your answer.
Auto trophs eat there own food
Hetero trophs eats other things
12) What effect does weather have on the rate of photosynthesis? Explain your answer in terms of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
More sun the rate of photosynthesis happens quicker. Light depended get O2 and light independent get sugars
Anaerobic bs arebic
Anaerobic: sprint
Aerobic: distance
5) During exercise, many chemical changes occur in the body, including a drop in blood pH, which can be very serious. How is the body able to cope with such changes?
- A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy “hump” (p 52); enzymes are proteins that are catalysts
