Midterm Flashcards
(180 cards)
0
Q
- Who founded the sultanate of Delhi?
A
Qutb-ud-din Aibak
1
Q
- The sultanate of Delhi was founded in which year?
A
1206
2
Q
- The first Islamic state in India was in which of the following?
A
Sind
3
Q
- According to Sulayman, who were the four mightiest rulers in the world?
A
Rashtrakutas, the caliph, the emperor of China, and the emperor or “Rum”
4
Q
- When did Mahmud of Ghazni begin his campaigns that won him Kanauj?
A
Year 1000
5
Q
- In addition to Kanauj, Mahmud of Ghazni also conquered which realm?
A
Saurashtra of Gujarat
6
Q
- How many Hindus died trying to protect the Somnath temple?
A
50,000
7
Q
- Mahmud of Ghazni can be compared to Attila. Why?
A
He was greatly honoured by the caliph; however, to the Indians he came to signify the very embodiment of wanton destruction and fanaticism.
8
Q
- Why was N. W. India so susceptible to invasion around 1000 CE?
A
Contest between the powers of northern, eastern, and central India had weakened all.
9
Q
- Why were the Hindus no match for the Muslim from Central Asia?
A
a
10
Q
- What happened in Afghanistan in 1151?
A
Ghazni was destroyed, rulers of Ghur in western Afghanistan emerged as new leaders.
11
Q
- What was the differences between Muhammad of Ghur and Mahmud of Ghazni regarding India?
A
He was determined to rule India, not just plunder it.
12
Q
- In which year did Muhammad of Ghur defeat the Prithviraj Chauhan of Delhi?
A
1192
13
Q
- In which year did Varanasi fall to the Muslim invaders?
A
1193
14
Q
- Which dynasty ruled at Kanauj in the late 12th century?
A
a
15
Q
- Whom did Muhammad install as his Vice-general in Delhi?
A
Qutb-ud-din
16
Q
- Which of the following did Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji do?
A
Conquered eastern India.
17
Q
- In what year did King Lakshmana Sena of Bengal face defeat?
A
1202
18
Q
- Which area of India prevented Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji advance.
A
Assam
19
Q
- Where did Muhammad of Ghur die?
A
Near the Indus.
20
Q
- In what year was Iltutmish consecrated Sultan?
A
1229
21
Q
- Which group did Iltutmish have to defeat to conquer Bengal and Bihar?
A
Followers of Bakhtiyar Khalji
22
Q
- When did Chingis Khan arrive at the Indus River?
A
1221
23
Q
- What marked the time period of the 300 years following the establishment of the Sultan of Delhi?
A
Seven cities, which grew up one after the another in the large area now covered by Delhi, symbolize a certain continuity in Indian history.
24
25. Why was the second ruler of in Dellhi sultan’s chair deposed?
"She had all the admirable qualities befitting a ruler. But what use were these qualities to her as fate had denied her the favour of being born a man?"
25
26. What was one of the first acts of the Sultan Balban?
Crushed rebellious Rajputs, and then murdered all other members of the "forty"
26
27. When did Sultan Balban die?
1286
27
28. What years did the Khalji dynasty hold the Sultan of Delhi’s thrown?
1920-1320
28
29. In what years did Ala-ud-din take the Ranthambor and Chitor forts?
1301 and 1303
29
30. What year did Sultan of Delhi conquer Gujarat?
1298
30
31. In 1309 Ala-ud-din began his campaign against S. India. What was his first target?
Warangal, capital of Kakatiyas
31
32. After conquering the Kakatiya king what was the next realm Malik Kafur took?
Delhi
32
33. How many camels carried treasure back to Delhi after the defeat of the Kakatiya king?
1000
33
34. Which famous Hindu temple city did Malik Kafur loot?
Srirangam
34
35. Which Mongol leader was defeated by Ala-ud-din?
Qutlugh Khvaja
35
36. How large was the Mongol army that besieged Delhi in about 1303?
120,000
36
37. What were the sources of revenue for Ala0ud-din?
Taxes, land revenue, tribute of subjected kings
37
38. Which group of Hindus often became Muslims?
Low castes of artistans
38
39. Ala-ud-din faced considerable resistance to imposing his will on Hindus. What was his first act to gain this control?
Confiscated land property from courtiers and officers
39
40. What was one way Ala-ud-din used to make sure his will was being followed?
He had spies, military enforcement, encouraged people to tattle
40
41. In order to afford as many solders as possible for his army Ala-ud-din did what?
Lowered men's pay
41
42. One of the ways that Ala-ud-din guaranteed that the capital would have enough grains was to do which of the following?
Made large storages of grain, and all trade and transport or grain controlled by government.
42
43. Which text demonstrates that some of Ala-ud-din’s reforms were in keeping with Indian ideas?
Chronicle of Kashmir - Rajatarangini
43
44. What positive statement can be said about Ala-ud-din’s oppression?
He was impartial, oppressed Muslims too
44
45. How did merchants get around Ala-ud-din’s price controls?
Used smaller weights and measures.
45
46. What happened to the three successors following Ala-ud-din?
None of them died a natural death.
46
47. Who was named the sultan in 1320?
Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq
47
48. How did the Muhammad Tughluq come to the throne of Delhi?
Reception hall collapsed and buried his father
48
49. How many years did Muhammad Tughluq rule?
27 years
49
50. How did Muhammad Tughluq ruin Delhi?
Built new capital at Daulatabad
50
51. What strategic mistake did Muhammad Tughluq make in dealing with the S. Indian kingdoms?
Lost control over north and was unable to consolidate hold on south.
51
52. Muhammad Tughluq built and new capital at Daulatabad. What was one of the first outcomes of this move?
Suffering of the people forced to move.
52
53. Who became the first Sultan of Ma’bar?
Governor of Madurai
53
54. Which economic policy of Muhammad Tughluq was despised by the people?
Use of cash
54
55. With mounting displeasure among his subjects Muhammad Tughluq attempted to divert the populace attention in what manner?
Announced two great campaigns against Persia and Central Asia.
55
56. Who was the last important sultan of Delhi according to your readings?
Firoz Shah
56
57. What was the outcome of the campaigns by the Sultan of Delhi in 1353-4 and 1359?
Unsuccessful, exception of victory in Orissa.
57
58. What area of India was the target of the Sultan of Delhi’s campaign in 1359?
Bengal
58
59. When the Sultan of Delhi died in 1388 what happened with the provincial governors?
Attained the de facto status of independent rulers.
59
60. Who shattered the Delhi sultanate in 1398?
Timur
60
61. What happened in the sacking of Delhi in 1398?
Three days of murder and plunder, Hindu population exterminated
61
62. What year was the Delhi sultanate reestablished?
1414
62
63. Where was the place of origin of the Lodis clan?
Afghan
63
64. What year did Bahlul Khan become the Sultan of Delhi?
1451
64
65. What areas were subjected by Sikander Lodi?
Gwalior and Bihar
65
66. Where was Sikander capital built?
Agra
66
67. What was the Sultanate base of power?
An alien military elite bound together by Islam and certain tribal affinities
67
68. Why did the Sultanate rule fail?
Because they relocated the capital and introduced a new currency
68
69. Why did Ala-ud-din cancel the system of fiefs?
To reduce the danger of powerful subjects rebelling
69
70. How did Akbar effect a higher level of administrative penetration during his reign?
Offered many opportunities of advancement to Indians.
70
71. The three most important kingdoms independent of the Delhi Sultanate are, Bahmani Sultanate, Vijayanagar Empires and which of the following?
Orissa
71
72. Who was Zafar Khan most formidable enemy?
Rajas of Vijayanagar
72
73. How many people were killed in Muhammad Shah campaigns?
Half a million
73
74. When did Zafar Khan conquer Daulatabad?
1345
74
75. When did Muhammad Shah live?
1358-1373
75
76. Where was the new capital of the Bahmani sultanate built in the 1500’s?
Bidar
76
77. What did Anastasy Nikitin’s travel account testify to?
Contrast between wealth of nobility and poverty of rural population.
77
78. When did Mahmud Gawan serve as Prime Minister to the Sultan?
1461-81
78
79. What was the relationship between the Bahmani sultan and the Barid Shahis in the first part of the 16th cnetury?
Bahmani sultans used by Barid Shahis to put pressure on other usurpers of Bahmani rule.
79
80. Which state lost Goa to the Portuguese?
Bijapur
80
81. When was Goa taken by the Portuguese?
1510
81
82. When did Vijayanagar suffer a crucial defeat?
1565
82
83. Which of the following are the Sultans of Bengal, Bijapur, and Kashmir know for?
Contributed to development of Indias regional cultures.
83
84. What was the extent of the realm of the Gajapatis?
East coast from mouth of Ganges to mouth of Godaveri
84
85. The existence of the realms of Vijayanagar and Gajapatis testify to which of the following?
Uncontested preservation of Hindu institutions and customs in east and south India.
85
86. How far north did Anantavarman Chodaganga’s realm extend?
Calcutta
86
87. Who built the Jagannath temple at Puri?
Anantavarman
87
88. According to an inscription who caused the rulers of Bengal’s women to cry so much it turned the Ganges black from their makeup?
Narasimha
88
89. Who defeated the Orissan King Rai Gajpat?
Firoz Shah
89
90. What does Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi say about the Jagannath temple?
Set out of for it destruction as its the most famous.
90
91. When was the Suryavamsha dynasty founded?
1435
91
92. How far south did Kapilendra’s realm extend?
Mouth of the Kaveri
92
93. Which three enemies did Prataparudra face?
In north - Hussain Shah
In south - Krishnadeva Raya
Sultanate of Golconda
93
94. Who restored the Jagannath temple after is was sacked?
Ramachandra
94
95. Why did Akbar form an association with Ramachandra?
Needed loyal Hindu ally against sultanate of Golconda
95
96. King Chodaganga was a Shaivite so why did he foster the cult of the Vishnu-Jagannath?
Gain support of people
96
97. How tall is the Jagannath temple?
Same height as the royal temple of Cholas at Thanjavur
97
98. According to the records of the Jaggannath Temple priest who appointed Kapilendra?
Jagganath
98
99. What effect di d the Gajapatis claim of being representatives of Vishnu on earth have on their Muslim neighbors?
Equated any resistance with treason against Jagganath
99
100. Who controlled the hinterland of Orissa during the Gajapatis rule?
Kapilendra
100
101. Which new administrative feature was introduced by the Gajapati?
Rise of military officers as local magnates.
101
102. During the Gajapati rule of Orissa what demonstrates that the government could quickly adapt to changes?
a
102
103. When was the Vijayanagar Empire founded?
1346
103
104. The two most important brothers who founded the Vijayanagar Empire are Harihara and which of the following?
Bukka
104
105. What is the name of the god that the Vijayanagar rulers identified with?
Virupaksha
105
106. One theory is the founders of the Vijayanagar Empire were from Tamil Nadu, the other theory is that they come from which place?
a
106
107. The monastery of Sringeri was founded in the 9th century by whom?
Shankara
107
108. What is the Hindu monk Vidyaranya remembered for?
a
108
109. Following Vidyaranya’s labors who emerged as guardians of the Hindu faith?
Shankarcharyas
109
110. Who did Bukka I defeat in 1370?
Sultan of Madurai
110
111. When did Harihara II rule?
1377-1404
111
112. Who ruled Vijayanagar from 1406-1424?
Devaraya I
112
113. How long did the struggle for supremacy between the Vijayanagar and the Gujapati last?
About a century.
113
114. What Narasimha famous for towards the end of the 1400?
a
114
115. What happened to Narasimha’s son?
a
115
116. When did Krishnadeva Raya rule?
1509-1529
116
117. How was peace achieved between the Gajapati and Vijayanagar Empire?
Gajapatis gave daughter in marriage to Krishnadeva
117
118. When did Achyutadeva Raya rule?
1529-1542
118
119. Who ruled the Vijayanagar empire from 1543-1545?
Sadashiva
119
120. What was one commodity the Vijayanagar Empire received from trade with the Portuguese?
War horses
120
121. What two issues emerged when Vajayanagar started accepting Muslim solders?
Gave sultans access to all information they wanted about Vijayanagar; may have helped Vijayanagar keep in touch with affairs at court of sultans.
121
122. What was the deciding factor in the final battle between the Sultans and Vijayanagar?
a
122
123. When did the Gajapatis fall from power?
1568
123
124. What was the general system of organization in the Vijayanagar Empire according to some historians?
Military feudalism
124
125. Stein argues that in part the Vijayanagar empire strength consisted of which of the following?
Ability of rulers to turn local dignitaries into imperial officers and to impose on many districts Telugu nayakas from above.
125
126. Which of the following was Vijayanagar military effectiveness based upon?
A large army, use of firearms, establishment of swift cavalry units in which Vijayanagar was greatly helped by Muslim and European mercenaries and the trade with Portuguese.
126
127. What unique role did the Vijayanagar Empire give to Telugu brahmans?
Commanders of fortresses (durga dandanyaka)
127
128. Who conquered India for the Mughals?
Baber
128
129. What helped the first Mughal sultan become victorious in India?
a
129
130. Why was Baber a military genius?
a
130
131. Why did the first Mughal emperor levy new special taxes?
a
131
132. How did the first Mughal emperor treat the Indian people?
As subjects, not prey.
132
133. Why did Mughal princes often fight to inherit the throne?
All royal princes equally entitled to inherit power.
133
134. Where was Akbar born?
Sin
134
135. In what year did Humayun retake India?
1555
135
136. What happened when Akbar fought Hemu?
Hemu was hit by an arrow and fell, then Akbar was urged by his general to cut off his head.
136
137. One way Akbar became liked by his subjects is that he had a Hindu wife. What was another way?
Did not force religion, abolished jizya (poll tax) imposed by Islamic rulers on non-Islamic subjects.
137
138. What was the dream of all Mughal according to your reading?
Recovery of Samarkand and restoration of Mughal rule in homeland whence Uzebeks ousted Barber.
138
139. How did Akbar’s successors lose Kandahar to the Persians?
Excursion to the northwest
139
140. Who were the “Bureaucrats” under Akbar?
"Civil servants" working for imperial officers.
140
141. What was one factor that worked against Akbar using Sher Shah’s land revenue system?
a
141
142. How did Akbar determine the taxes owed?
Instead of annual decision, he took information from the past decade and fixed an average demand.
142
143. After Akbar’s time what is one reason his revenue system became dysfunctional?
a
143
144. How did Akbar differ from a Hindu king with regard to laws?
Did not want to be only an upholder of eternal law, wanted to be a lawgiver on his own right.
144
145. Which branch of Islam was akin to Akbar’s thinking?
Mysticism of the Sufis
145
146. What did Nur Jahan accomplish?
Introduced Persian culture and Persian entourage at the Mughal court.
146
147. When did Shah Jahan ascend the throne?
1627
147
148. Why did Aurangzeb focus his attentions on S. India?
Found himself unable to conquer the north.
148
149. What happened when Aurangzeb incorporated the Southern elite into his system?
Top-heavy system, more officers at higher ranks.
149
150. Why did Aurangzeb move the capital to Aurangabad?
Large distances made governance of over expanded empire more difficult.
150
151. When did Shivaji sack Surat?
1664
151
152. How did Shivaji justify his fight against Aurangzeb?
Fighting on behalf of Hindus against Muslim rule.
152
153. Who conquered Golconda in the 17th century?
Aurangzeb
153
154. Auranzeb experience many revolts. Who usually led these revolts?
Zamindars
154
155. How did Emperor Muazzam unwittingly foreshorten the fall of the Muchals?
Installed Shivajis grandson Shahu as Raja of Satava, however, could not quell resistance to Mughal rule.
155
156. Why did Nadir Shah so easily sack Delhi?
Vezir led campaign against Baji Rao, and north India was left unprotected.
156
157. What was fated for Nazam-ul-Mulk?
He yielded his territory.
157
158. Why were the Mughals not concerned with the Portuguese becoming the dominant sea power?
a
158
159. Which Indian spice made the Portuguese king wealthy in 1518?
Pepper
159
160. When did the Dutch enter the Indian Ocean trade?
1579
160
161. What was the difference between the reasons for setting up the Dutch East India co. and the British East India Co. ?
Dutch - to prevent ruinous competition.
| British - lack of venture capital for this risky overseas trade.
161
162. How many French ships showed the first time in Indian waters?
9
162
163. Why did the British first send artisans into the interior of Bengal?
To train their Indian counterparts in the art of producing for European market.
163
164. Who first adapted European new military tactics to the Indian situation?
Joseph Francois Dupleix
164
165. What is the traditional date of Zoroaster?
6th century BCE
165
166. When did Muhammad the founder of Islam live?
6th century CE
166
167. Who were the first Muslim peoples to attach Indian lands?
8th century Arabs
167
168. In 1192 Delhi was made the capital by which conqueror?
Muhammad Ghori
168
169. What was the name of the only woman Sultan of Delhi?
Razia Sultana
169
170. Which dynasty ruled in India from 1290-1320?
Khalji
170
171. Who was the first Mughal ruler in India?
Babur
171
172. Who built the Taj Mahal?
Shah Jahan
172
173. Who was the last Mughal emperor?
Bahadur Shah II
173
174. Which Rajput dynasty is the longest dynasty in the world?
Kotoch dynasty
174
175. What building houses the Sikh political power center?
Akal Takht
175
176. Who Was Pero da Covilhan?
First Portuguese in India.
176
177. Why was saltpeter important in the India trade?
It is gunpowder, helped establish military power in India.
177
178. What was the most important city for the French in India?
Pondicherry
178
179. What English nobleman was an original shareholder in the British East India Co.?
Sir George Clifford
179
180. Who fought in the Battle of Swally?
England vs. Portugal
