Midterm Flashcards
(149 cards)
0
Q
August comte is known for?
A
Coined the term sociology
1
Q
Sociology is?
A
Changing. And Stable
2
Q
Feminism is a type of contemporary theories that does not?
A
See women are more powerful than men
3
Q
When one part of society is not working it affects the rest of society and causes social problem this statement reflects the _____ approach
A
Functionalist
4
Q
At its most basic level of the function of family is?
A
Reproduction
5
Q
An important concept in Weber sociology is Verstehen which refers to?
A
Viewing social behavior from the perspective of those engaged in it
6
Q
Sociologist believe that persistent problems in the US are?
A
Embedded in society
7
Q
The Chicago School Sociologist who was the leader in the settlement house movement and who did the systematic research geared towards improving the lives of the dispossessed groups within the city was?
A
Jane Adams
8
Q
_____ was the first black person in any field to earn a PHD
A
W.E.B Du Bois
9
Q
Which of the following is not true about the global perspective in sociology?
A
Although societies are interconnected their social and economic systems are very separated
10
Q
According to the mills the specific task of sociology is to?
A
Comprehend human society and its influence on the lives of human beings
11
Q
Early American sociologist are characterized by?
A
Their belief that sociology could alleviate the negative consequences of society
12
Q
Elaine Bell Kaplan’s research on black teenage motherhood concluded that?
A
The black teens felt embarrassed and Stigmatized by being pregnant
13
Q
According to Emily Durkhein?
A
People in society are held together by a belief systems
14
Q
Weber was concerned with the responsibility of sociologist he stated that sociologists should?
A
Teach students uncomfortable truth about the world
15
Q
Emily Durkhein work is the foundation for which major theoretical perspective?
A
Functionalism
16
Q
Which of the following statements about marxs is true?
A
Marx considered all of society to be shaped by economic force
17
Q
Functionalist theorist and conflict theorist both share the belief that?
A
Social behavior originates in the structures of society
18
Q
Sociology differs in media programs that feature human problems in that?
A
Sociologist use research techniques and theories that the media may not use explain social issues
19
Q
The Thomas dictum states that people behave according to what they believed,to be real, not necessarily what is objectively true. this principle is fundamental to which type of sociological theory?
A
Symbolic interaction
20
Q
Durkheim conceptualized social facts as?
A
Social patterns that are external to individuals
21
Q
Within sociology the concept of diverse does what?
A
Encompasses a global perspective
22
Q
Theoretical framework set center on face-to-face social interaction are categorized as?
A
Microsociology
23
Q
According to Marxs, the beliefs of common people tend to support the interest of the capitalist system not the workers themselves this is because?
A
The capitalist class controls the production of ideas
24
Critic the functionalism argue that it?
Places too much emphasis on social stability, and overlooks the roles of power and conflict in society
25
What role do Sociologist play while conducting the research on society?
Sociologist achieve critical distance through their willingness to question the forces that shape behavior
26
Robert Park was?
Was interested in urban problems
27
According to the feminist theory, prior to ____, women were largely absent from sociological research?
Second wave of feminism
28
Functionalism emphasizes all the following except?
The role of coercion and power
29
The emergence of global culture has resulted in?
An increase in the influence of capitalism
30
Sociological research on the impact of media images has found that?
White girls in particular believe they are judged according to media standards of beauty
31
____ is an interdisciplinary field that builds on symbolic interaction and is often critical of classical sociological approaches?
Cultural studies
32
The concept of cultural hegemony implies that culture is highly what?
Politicized
33
Mass media influences what?
Values, styles, and language
34
Cultural hegemony is the term for?
Excessive influence of one culture in society
35
What is the relationship between biology and culture in shaping human behavior?
Human biology set limits and provides a capacities for different types of behavior
36
The classic analysts of the Protestant work ethic and the emergence of capitalism was conducted by?
Max Weber
37
In Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam argues that there has been a decline in civic engagement resulting in?
A decline in shared values and an increasing in Social Disorder
38
When one aspect of culture changes more slowly than other aspects sociology call this?
Cultural lag
39
From the perspective of culture relativism in order to understand a particular culture practice we must know?
The cultural values that it is based on
40
Mass produce culture and other parts of culture that are shared by most people are called _____ popular?
Popular culture
41
The strength or seriousness of social sanctions is?
Generally lighter for violations of folkways than violations of more
42
The discussion a birthday traditions include in the text demonstrates that?
Even seemingly normal practices have cultural roots
43
Television is so ever present in peoples lives that today about _____ of US households are constant television households in which the television is almost on all the time?
42%
44
To classic cultural concepts associated with the work of William Grayham Sumner are?
Folkways and Mores
45
Extreme Ethnocentrism may result in what?
May result in violence including terrorism war and genocide
46
Corning to the new cultural studies perspective culture is?
Is ephemeral, unpredictable and constantly changing
47
Which of the following statements is false in regards to belief?
Believes must be true in order for them to guide human behavior
48
As an element of culture language is important because
All of these choices are true
- language enables us to learn social skills
- it enables a person to become a part of society
- permits the formation of culture
49
The specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation are called?
Norms
50
according to the text, interdisciplinary field known as cultural studies builds on the insights of?
Symbolic interaction
51
Which of the following statements is false regarding culture from a conflict perspective?
Culture promote solidarity within society
52
The invention of subways and trains illustrates which cause of social change?
Innovation
53
In their day-to-day lives most people?
Take the expectations of their culture for granted
54
Cultural relativism is the idea that?
A phenomenon should be understood and judged only in relationship to cultural context in which it appears
55
To the following statements about values is true?
Values to find what is considered desirable and morally correct
56
Cultural Hegemony refers to?
The pervasive influence of just one culture
57
Which of the following statements about culture shock is false?
Culture shock can only be experienced in a foreign country
58
Material culture consists of what?
Objects created in a given culture
59
Which type of survey questions are analyzed qualitatively?
Open ended questions
60
Prof. Conway has read the previous research completed on his research question Prof. Conway is?
ReViewing the literature
61
Which of these statements can be said of all sociological research?
It always has a plan for the collection of data
62
Which of these is used by sociologicalist is to ensure the reliability of measures?
They use measures that have proven to work in the past
63
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific research process?
Finding funding for the research
64
Today, care is taken to protect the subject of sociological research which of these statements about ethics in sociology is false?
The US government does not play a role in protecting the subjects of research
65
Which of these statements about variables is true?
Research is often designed to discover how variables influence each other
66
William footed whytes streetcorner society is an example of which kind of research?
Participant observation
67
Which of the following is not a source of sociallogical research questions?
All of these may be a source
68
Researchers use the term serendipity to refer to?
Finding that are unexpectedly found while analyzing the data for other finding
69
Concepts are?
Abstract ideas that are potentially measurable
70
The process by which sociologicalist review the collected data to discover the patterns and unformatees that the data reveal is called?
Data analyse
71
A student is given the same survey three times each time sitting alone in a room the students results on the survey are different each time this is an indication that the survey?
Is not reliable
72
Which of these is not important when assessing whether or not information available on the Internet is valid?
The date the website was last updated
73
A ____ is a large collection of people groups or categories that a researcher studies in about which generalizations are made?
Population
74
What is the Hawthorne effect?
Subjects of research altering their behavior if they know they are being studied
75
During which step of the research process does sociologist make the research discoveries?
Data analysis
76
Which of the following is an example of primary data?
The results of one's own sociallogical survey
77
Based on what you read you think that people whose parents are divorced or more likely to become divorced themselves. As you begin your research you state your belief that if a person's parents are divorced that a person is more likely to become divorce themselves. This is an example of?
Hypothesis
78
How is doing a replication study useful?
Replication study can indicate what changes have occurred since original study was conducted
79
When used as data for social logical analysis, national opinion polls, and cenus data are all considered?
Secondary sources
80
The ability to apply the findings from one study to a broader population is called what?
Generalization
81
Experiment sometimes include measuring the variable/concept twice. This is called?
Pretest and posttest
82
The students grades are not an accurate reflection of the students intelligence. Therefore a students grades lack ____ in study of intellegence.
Validity
83
When choosing a research method the most important thing for sociologist to consider is?
What type of sociallogical question is being investigated
84
For what types of research question is oral history particularly useful?
Learning the history of groups that of been ignored and misrepresented
85
Fessor Porter is interested in studying how students interact with faculty on her campus all the students at her college represents the ____in her studies?
Population
86
Which of these statements is the Best description of a variable?
Variable is something that can have more than one value or score
87
Research to learn what educational practices work best so as to improve how public schools are run would be an example of?
Policy research
88
The _____ is the overall logic of the research project, included what observational method will be used?
Research design
89
Sociologist would consider crime to be a form of _____ deviance?
Formal
90
Studies of corporate crime find that?
The deviant behavior is part of the routine activities of the corporation
91
How do you sociologist explain the fact that women have lower rates of suicide than men?
Women are more embedded in relations of care and responsibility
92
Social control theory suggests that deviants occurs when?
A person's attachment to social bonds is weakend
93
According the Durkheim, what factors were responsible for producing suicides?
The degree of Integracion one has into the structure of society
94
Street of conflict theory in terms of understanding deviance is?
It's insight into the significance of power relationships
95
According to Durkheim, why do societies Actually need deviance?
In order to recognize normal behavior
96
_____ is the scientific study of crime?
Criminology
97
Which of these statements about functionalist theory is false?
Explains how social norms first become established in society
98
According to Sutherlands differential association theory, People become criminals when they?
Strongly socialized to break the law then Obey it
99
Which of the following is true regarding criminal violence?
Violence is decreasing and is not random
100
A high school student asked bored in class and the teacher decide she is a bad student. This teacher discusses the student with other teachers who then treat that student as if she were a bad student. Describes the process of?
Labeling
101
Labeling theory is argue that once a person is labeled deviant?
It will be difficult for them to reestablish a non-deviant identity
102
According to differential association theory people become deviant?
By learning from members of their primary group
103
Youths raised with parents who are deviant are more likely to be deviant themselves this is an illustration of?
Differential association
104
Which of the following is an example of egotistic suicide?
Elder suicide
105
The Ku Klux Klan clan and the neo-Nazis are both examples of which type of structural strain?
Rebellion
106
From a functional perspective when punishment of deviant behavior is public it serves to?
ReAffirm the collective beliefs and values of society
107
Durkheim believed that the causes of suicide were?
Found in the social environment
108
Which of these statements about deviant behavior would be considered true from a sociallogical perspective?
Deviants may be an adaptation to the social structures in which people live
109
A _____ is an attribute that is socially devauled and discredited?
Stigma
110
Labeling theorist would explain recidivism among those released from prison as?
Caused by the difficulty in changing one's classification as a Deviant
111
_____ crimes are those motivated by various forms of social Bias
Hate
112
Social control theory is based on the assumption that?
There is a common value system and most people build some impulse towards deviance
113
Deviants exist within a _____ context
Social
114
In the immediate aftermath of the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 many American publicly i'm in striated their patriotism this is an illusion of Derkum believe that?
Deviants produces social solidarity
115
Social labeling theory focuses on who in society can determine that others are deviant and are able to apply sanctions. This aspect of social labeling theory makes it most associated with ____?
Symbolic interactionism
116
Conflict in functionalist theories of deviance share?
Emphasis on the social structure in creating deviance
117
How does sociologist define deviance?
As behavior that violates social norms
118
According to _____ people behave as they do because of the meaning that they give to different situations?
Symbolic interaction theory
119
The perception that a class structure exist in the feeling of shared identification with others in once class is referred to as?
Class consciosness
120
In the United States the lower class?
All of these are true
121
Which of the following is faults about social mobility in the United States today?
In the US anyone who works hard enough can get ahead
122
Which type of dearest would be most likely to see any quality in the social system as fair because everyone has an equal chance of getting ahead?
Functionalist
123
In 2007, in order for a person to be in the top 400 wealthiest people in the US one had to have more then _____ in wealth?
1 billion
124
Sociologist who analyze class using a conflict perspective?
The class as defined by the relationship of the classes to the larger system of economic production
125
Wealth is?
A significant predictor of one's class location
126
Regaurding racing class, which of the following is true?
Blacks have similar experiences to the poor
127
Which of the following groups represent the largest number, not the percentage, of people in poverty?
White
128
Max Weber analyzed the connections between?
The economic, social, and political dimensions of stratification
129
Which sociological theory argues that the elite shape societal beliefs and practices in order to make their own privileges appear legitimate and fair?
Conflict theory
130
______ theory emphasizes cohesion in society while ______ theory emphasizes friction between groups?
Functionalist and conflict
131
The term for the total value of what one owns, minus ones depts is?
Wealth
132
Which of the following is true about the effects of gender on stratification?
The median income for women is far below the national median income level
133
Which of the following is an example of intergenerational mobility?
A daughter rises above the class of her parents
134
____ Believe that the greater rewards attached to some positions in society help ensure that people will make the sacrifices necessary to acquire the training those positions demand?
Functionalist
135
Which of these statements about class consciousness in the US is false?
Despite the absence of class consciousness most Americans are aware that there is little upward social mobility
136
What is the sociallogical term for the process by which people end up in any given position in the stratification system?
Status attainment
137
Evaluations of the welfare reform of 1996 [PRWRA] have found that?
The number of people receiving welfare has decreased
138
Which of the following is true about the stratification system?
Stratification system is very in degree in complexity of stratification
139
A relatively fixed hierarchical arrangement in society by which groups have different access to resources, power, and perceived social world is called?
Social stratification
140
Who benefits most from US tax policy?
Corporations
141
1% of the US population controls approximately _____ of the total net wealth in the nation
One- third 1/3
142
Which of these statements is the best description of social class in the United States?
US system is elaborate; and it could be depicted by latter with a different social class at each rung
143
Black middle class?
Continues to experience the segregation
144
Which of these statements best reflects the functionalist perspective on social inequality?
The occupations that require the most training in involve the highest risk work are paid the highest
145
According to William Julius Wilson, The underclass is?
The result of structural transformations in the economy
146
The most sociological explanation of poverty focus on?
Social structure
147
Which of these statements about social class is false?
Social class is personal and individual, not social structural
148
Research aimed at evaluating the culture of property argument has found that?
A major event such as divorce, illness or death is often the cause for falling into poverty
