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CMPS 329 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What does the firewall do?

A

Filters packet-by-packet based on source, destination, IP addresses, and port numbers. TCP SYN and ACK bits. ICMP message type. DPI.

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2
Q

What is the OSI model?

A

The OSI model defines 7 layers for how networked systems should communicate. Layers can be swapped out without affecting other layers

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3
Q

Name the Layers of the OSI model.

A
  1. Physical
  2. DataLink
  3. Network
  4. Transport
  5. Session
  6. Presentation
  7. Applications
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4
Q

Give an example of a device/protocol at layers 1, 2, 3, 4

A
  1. Wiring
  2. Ethernet
  3. IP
  4. TCP
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5
Q

What does a VPN do?

A

A VPN is a way to access a private network on the public internet in a private way.

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6
Q

What’s the purpose of NAT?

A

The basic purpose of NAT is to multiplex traffic from the internal network and present it to the Internet as if it was coming from a single computer having only one IP address.

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7
Q

When it comes to cat5e and fiber, what are the advantages/disadvantages of copper and fiber?

A

Copper is cheap and easy to make connections for. Fiber can go much longer distances, and it is faster.

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8
Q

What are the common wireless frequencies?

A

2.4Ghz and 5Ghz

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9
Q

Which protocols are reliable?

A

Most are not reliable. IP and UDP are not reliable. The only reliable protocol is TCP because it is going to guarantee that your data with will get to it’s destination.

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10
Q

What is the TCP 3 way handshake?

A

Host A sends an SYN (open) to host B
Host B returns an SYN acknowledgement (SYN ACK)
Host A sends an ACK to acknowledge the SYN ACK

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11
Q

What is the difference between a switch/hub/router?

A

A Hub is at the Physical Layer (Layer 1) and joins multiple input lines electrically. A Switch is at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) and it is a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. A Router is a device that forwards data packets along networks, and are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect.

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12
Q

What does CSMA/CD do?

A

It is a set of rules determining how network devices respond when two devices attempt to use a data channel simultaneously (called a collision)

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13
Q

What does ARP do?

A

ARP turns IP addresses into MAC addresses.

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14
Q

What does DHCP do?

A

DHCP assigns a dynamic IP address to devices. It assigns a different/unique IP address to a device when it connects to the network.

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15
Q

Give an example of a Link State Protocol

A

ISIS and OSPF

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16
Q

Give an example of a Distance Vector

A

RIP and IEGRP

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17
Q

What is the benefit of encapsulation?

A

Encapsulation is important to keeping each layer simple, logically separate, but inter-operable with other layers. Also it allows the ability to modify one layer without affecting the other layers.

18
Q

What is the difference between an IP address and a MAC address?

A

(might be something different but…)
Your IP address is your address to the world on the internet. Every connection to the internet gets a unique IP address. But with a MAC address, every network DEVICE get’s a unique address, regardless if it’s on the internet or not. Your hardware manufacturer builds it into your device.

19
Q

What is the purpose or RIR’s?

A

Distribute IP addresses around the world. Allocates to large ISPs and large institutions.

20
Q

What port is SSH?

A

Port 22

21
Q

What port is SMTP?

A

Port 25

22
Q

What port is DNS?

A

Port 53

23
Q

What port is HTTP?

A

Port 80

24
Q

What port is FTP?

A

Port 21

25
Q

What port is TELNET?

A

Port 23

26
Q

What is DNS caching?

A

Learns an address and remembers it for a certain amount of time.

27
Q

What is a DNS root server and what does it do?

A

The DNS root server is a name server for the root zone of the Domain Name System. . It directly answers requests for records in the root zone and answers other requests by returning a list of the authoritative name servers for the appropriate top-level domain (TLD).

28
Q

What is the RR format for the Database of Resource Records?

A

RR format: (name, value, type, ttl)

29
Q

RR format: (name, value, type, ttl)

What is the name and value if Type = A

A

name is hostname

value is IP address

30
Q

RR format: (name, value, type, ttl)

What is the name and value if Type = CName?

A

This name is an alias name for some “canonical” (the real) name.
Example: www.ibm.com is actually servereast.backup2.ibm.com

Value is canonical name

31
Q

RR format: (name, value, type, ttl)

What is the name and value if Type = NS?

A

name is domain (e.g. foo.com)

value is hostname of authoritative name server for this domain.

32
Q

RR format: (name, value, type, ttl)

What is the value if Type = MX?

A

Value is name of mail server associated with the name.

33
Q

What is DNS?

A

DNS is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, and any resource connected to the internet or private network.

34
Q

Why do we use NAT?

A

With IPv4, there are a severely limited number of addresses available (a theoretical maximum of about 4.3 billion). For this reason, an Internet Service Provider provides at most one public IP address to a subscriber at a time.

35
Q

What is encapsulation?

A

It is the “Wrapping” of the higher layer PDU (protocol data unit) into lower layers.

36
Q

What is decapsulation?

A

Decapsulation is just the reverse of Encapsulation. “Unwrapping” data from lower layers back up to higher layers.

37
Q

How many addresses are possible with a subnet of /16?

A

65,536 possible addresses.

38
Q

How many addresses are possible with a subnet of /24?

A

256 possible addresses.

39
Q

What is the netmask of a /16 subnet?

A

255.255.0.0

40
Q

What is the netmask of a /24 subnet?

A

255.255.255.0

41
Q

Describe the Rules and order of the firewall?

A
  1. Firewall applies a set of rules to each packet to decide whether to permit or deny the packet.
  2. Each rule is a test on the packet by comparing headers.
  3. Order matter, because once a packet matches a rule, the decision is done.

CMPS 329 (2 decks)

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