Midterm

Question 1

Crystal violet & methylene blue are stain usually used for:

Answer 1

Yeasts

Question 2

lactophenol cotton blue usually used to:

Answer 2

confirm the identity of fungal organisms

Question 3

All specimens should be treated as potentially

Answer 3

zoonotic

Question 4

Any material solid or liquid that can support the growth of microorganism

Answer 4

culture medium

Question 5

what is agar composed of

Answer 5

dried extract of sea algae known as agarophytes

Question 6

Is a protein that is obtained from animal tissues

Answer 6

gelatin

Question 7

agar plate should be stored at

Answer 7

5-10 degrees C

Question 8

six general types of culture medias:

Answer 8

transport (swab)
general purpose
enriched
selective
differential 
enrichment

Question 9

Enriched media are formulated to meet requirements of the most _________ pathogens.

Answer 9

fastidious

Question 10

MacConkey is what type of media?

Answer 10

Selective

Question 11

A growth medium that contains microbial inhibitors that allow the preferential growth desired types of microorganism in preference to others. They may range from narrow to broad spectrum

Answer 11

selective

Question 12

A growth med. that allows two or more organisms to be distinguished from one another by some characteristics such as growth, ability to metabolize a specific nutrient as an energy source, diff. end products of metabolism … etc

Answer 12

Differential

Question 13

A growth medium that permits preferential emergence of certain organism that initially may have made up a relatively minute proportion of a mixed inoculum. May be formulated to provide excess nutritional requirements for fastidious organisms.

Answer 13

Enrichment

Question 14

A non-nutritive, buffered medium for maintaining viability without overgrowth of microorganisms during transport of specimens to the lab for examination

Answer 14

Transport

Question 15

What can be detected in a blood agar and what type of media is it?

Answer 15

enriched medium & it contain four distinct hemolysis

Question 16

partial hemolysis that creates a narrow band of greenish or slimy discoloration around colony

Answer 16

Alpha-hemolysis

Question 17

complete hemolysis that creates a clear zone around the bacterial colony

Answer 17

Beta-hemolysis

Question 18

Hemolysis that produces no change in the appearance of the medium and no hemolysis around colonies

Answer 18

Gamma-hemolysis

Question 19

A zone of hemolysis surrounded by a narrow zone of hemolysis around the bact. colony

Answer 19

Delta-hemolysis

Question 20

Bacteria can be classified on the basis of their pattern of ________on blood agar

Answer 20

hemolysis

Question 21

MacConkey and Eosin-Methylene blue are what types of media

Answer 21

selective

Question 22

MacConkey suppress the growth of

Answer 22

gram + bact

Question 23

Bacteria that cannot ferment ________ attacks the _______ in MacConkey agar, producing a __________ reaction and colorless colonies

Answer 23

lactose
peptone
alkaline

Question 24

A liquid med. that is used to culture anaerobic bact. to determine the O2 tolerance of microbes

Answer 24

Thioglycollate Broth

Question 25

__________ will grown on ONLY O2-rich top layer, where as ________ will grown only in the lower part of the tube.

Answer 25

Obligate aerobes | Obligate anaerobes

Question 26

Med. where it is inoculated with a straight stab depth of appros. one inch. (hydrogen sulfide production is indicated by blackening of the med.)

Answer 26

Sulfide Indole Motility tube

Question 27

Agar used for presumptive ID of salmonellae and initial diff. of enteric bact.

Answer 27

Triple Sugar Iron Agar

Question 28

In triple sugar agar if there is acid production it will turn _______. However, if the organism doesnt ferment lactose or sucrose it will revert to ______ (alkaline condition).

Answer 28

yellow | red

Question 29

Highly rec. med for Staphyloccoci and to isolate staphylococcus from contaminated specimens.

Answer 29

mannitol salt agar

Question 30

selective med. acts with brilliant green to suppress growth of coliforms while permitting the growth of salmonellae

Answer 30

Bismuth Sulfite Agar

Question 31

In Bismuth Sulfite Agar Salmonellae reacts with:

Answer 31

black "rabbit eye" colonies

Question 32

a general purpose media that is primarily usde for the perf. of the agar diffusion antimicrobial sensitivity test

Answer 32

Mueller Hinton Agar

Question 33

DTM is composed of

Answer 33

sabourad dextrous agar

Question 34

The most standard test med. for dermatophytes

Answer 34

DTM

Question 35

Bone and joint samples are collected by

Answer 35

aspiration

Question 36

Specimens for histopathologic examination should consist of thin tissue placed immediately in

Answer 36

10% formalin

Question 37

The 2 most common fungal stains are:

Answer 37

gram stain | Ziehl-Neelsen (acid fast)

Question 38

colonies should be no older than _____ hrs old because older colonies may not yield to proper results and the stained bacteria often becomes _________.

Answer 38

24 | decolorized

Question 39

used to detect TB, Mycobacterium, Nocardia

Answer 39

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Question 40

In Ziehl-Neelsen stain: If the stain is not removed the organism is ________ and appears ______ if it is _________ it appears _____.

Answer 40

positive, red | negative, blue

Question 41

used to diagnose rickettsiae, spirochetes & Bacilli anthracis. Then it will be examined for the purpleish blue stained bact.

Answer 41

Giemsa stain

Question 42

speciallized stains contain

Answer 42

flagella capsule endospore fluorescent

Question 43

Fluorescent stains are used for the ID of

Answer 43

Legionella & pseudomonas

Question 44

specialized stain that uses crystal violet to detect and characterize bacteria motility

Answer 44

flagella

Question 45

specialized stain used for detection if pathogenic bact.

Answer 45

Capsule

Question 46

specialized stain that detects the presence, location, shape of spores and can aid differentiation of bact.

Answer 46

Endospore

Question 47

specialized stain that involves malachite green to specimen on slide

Answer 47

endospore

Question 48

specialized stain of endospore show + when spore appear _____ and ______with the remainder of the bacterial cell _____ or ____.

Answer 48

dark blue, green | pink, red

Question 49

This method is designed to help with the isolation of pure bact. culture

Answer 49

quadrant streak method

Question 50

because most anaerobes survive exposure of air for less than 20 minutes, the collection of samples for anerobic culture on swab is acceptable T/F

Answer 50

False; It is NOT acceptable

Question 51

Liver abscess seen at slaughter on otherwise healthy feedlot cattle commonly yield the anaerobe _________ _______ and the aerobe _______ _______.

Answer 51

Fusobacterium necrophrum | Actinomyces pyogenes

Question 52

Most labs used fluorescent antibody technique for diagnoses in

Answer 52

clostridium

Question 53

_______ approach is needed for the proper evaluation of cultures

Answer 53

Systemic

Question 54

The most commonly performed method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Answer 54

Agar diffusion test

Question 55

_____ testing is the most precise than direct testing, but results are not available as quickly.

Answer 55

Indirect

Question 56

Measure the _____________ and compare it against a standard chart to identify the susceptibility of the bact. to the abx being tested.

Answer 56

zone of inhibition

Question 57

when is reading the zone of inhibition performed (after how many hrs)

Answer 57

overnight incubation 18-24 hrs

Question 58

the zones are divided into two major categories:

Answer 58

resistant and susceptible to the particular antimicrobial agent

Question 59

the zone size alone is not indicative of the efficacy of an antimicrobial T/F

Answer 59

true

Question 60

An in vitro test of the effectiveness of selected antimicrobials agents against microorganism (ie Staph & E. coli)

Answer 60

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

Question 61

The presence of pathogenic bact. necessarily indicate infection T/F

Answer 61

False; does NOT

Question 62

For sensitivity testing the diameter of what is being measure with a caliper?

Answer 62

Each inhibition (including the diameter of the disk) from the underside of the plate

Question 63

the most common type of sensitivity testing performed?

Answer 63

Bauer-Kirby agar diffusion method

Question 64

what procedures are used to test for motility:

Answer 64

hanging drop, wet prep, motility media

Question 65

the movement of cells back and forth

Answer 65

Brownian movement

Question 66

If organism are non-motile under microscopic exam then a ________ test is perf.

Answer 66

motility

Question 67

motility test + is indicative when

Answer 67

diffuse growth throughout the med.

Question 68

controls for catalase test include

Answer 68

staph: catalase + strep: catalase -

Question 69

Def: Coagulase

Answer 69

an enzyme that coagulates plasma

Question 70

A + coagulase test will show results within ______ seconds

Answer 70

5-20 seconds

Question 71

A + oxidase test will show the reagent reduced to a _________ color within 60 seconds, if longer it will be considered negative

Answer 71

deep purple

Question 72

oxidase test controls

Answer 72

pseudomonas: oxidase + | E. coli: oxidase -

Question 73

Test perf. to verify cause of bact. mycotic organisms ("cow side")

Answer 73

California Mastitis Test (CMT)

Question 74

California Mastitis Test (CMT) is based on _____ formation when the test reagents reacts with _____ in somatic cells.

Answer 74

gel | DNA

Question 75

precautions to be considered when perf. CMT:

Answer 75

1. DNA in somatic cells deteriorate upon standing refrigerate for no more than 2 days 2. WBC migrate with mild fat (throughly mix sample prior to test) 3. CMT reaction must be scored 10-15 seconds after mixing start.

Question 76

Test used for ID of bact pathogens , particularly obligate intracellular bact.

Answer 76

immunologic testing

Question 77

A separate incubator for fungal samples will minimize the cross contamination of bact. samples with fungal spores T/F

Answer 77

true

Question 78

Most fungal agents of clinical importance in t vet practice are cutaneous mycotic organisms known as ______ and often ref. to as ______.

Answer 78

dermatophyte | ringworm

Question 79

Only about 1/3 of the cases of M. canis show evidence of fluorescence T/F

Answer 79

False; 1/2

Question 80

In dematophyte testing after _____ min small globular anthrospores attached to the hair shaft are visible and indicate + results

Answer 80

2-10

Question 81

always allow the wood lamp to warm for at least ____ before use.

Answer 81

5 min

Question 82

Standard sabourad dextrous agar will promotes early formation of ______, but it contains _______ indicator.

Answer 82

macroconidia | no color

Question 83

all dermatophyte infections should be verified with

Answer 83

microscopic evaluations

Question 84

Fungi grows as yeast when at body temp and molds at

Answer 84

25 degrees C

Question 85

cutaneous mycotic organisms are also known as

Answer 85

dermatophytes

Question 86

Forms tubular filaments

Answer 86

hyphae

Question 87

tangled mass of hyphae

Answer 87

mycelium

Question 88

fungi contain no

Answer 88

chloraphyll

Question 89

fungi are strict

Answer 89

aerobic

Question 90

when environment is very dry fungi produce

Answer 90

spores

Question 91

optimal temp for fungi

Answer 91

22-33 degrees C

Question 92

woods lamp false + may be caused by:

Answer 92

pseudomonas, scales, lint, sebum, dandruff, crust and topical meds