Midterm Flashcards
(21 cards)
S1
mitral and tricuspid valve closure
S2
aortic and pulmonic valve closure
S3
in early diastole
associated with mitral regurg., congestive heart failure, and dilated ventricles
normal in children and pregnant women
S4
in late diastole
associated with ventricular hypertrophy, scarring from MI, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade
Normal (physiologic) splitting
on inspiration
Wide splitting
Delays in RV emptying such as pulmonic stenosis, right bundle branch block
Fixed splitting
Seen in atrial septal defect
Paradoxical splitting
Delays in aortic valve closure such as aortic stenosis, left bundle branch block
Hand grip
increases intensity of MR, AR, VSD murmurs
later onset of click for MVP
Valsalva
increases intensity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur
earlier onset of click for MVP
Rapid squatting
increases intensity of AS murmur
later onset of click for MVP
Systolic heart sounds
aortic/pulmonary stenosis, mitral/tricuspid regurg, VSD, MVP
Diastolic heart sounds
aortic/pulmonary regurg, mitral tricuspid stenosis
Aortic stenosis
Crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur, “barking”
Can lead to Syncope, Angina, Dyspnea (SAD)
Mitral regurgitation
Holosystolic (only chronic MR), high-pitched “blowing murmur” heard loudest at apex and radiates toward axilla
Non-holosystolic in acute MR
Tricuspid regurgitation
Holosystolic, high-pitched “blowing murmur” heard loudest at tricuspid area and radiates toward sternal border
Mitral valve prolapse
Late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click
VSD
Holosystolic, harsh sounding murmur loudest at tricuspid area
Aortic regurgitation
High pitched “blowing” early diastolic decrescendo murmur
Mitral stenosis
Delayed rumbling late diastolic murmur following opening snap
PDA
Continuous machine-like murmur
