Midterm

Question 1

Habitus

Answer 1

Habitus is the cognitive / mental system of structures which are embedded within an individual (and/or a collective consciousness) which are
the internal representations of external structures.

Question 2

Socialization

Answer 2

Socialization is a process by which individuals learn how to become members of society. It is the process by which individuals learn and understand the rules, norms, values, beliefs, language, in order to be functioning members of society

Question 3

Deterministic view

Answer 3

No agency, one way process, social structures

Question 4

Constructivist view

Answer 4

Agency, reciprocal process, individual

Question 5

Bauman definition of socialization

Answer 5

socialisation is the internalization of social pressure that transform us into a being capable of living in society

Question 6

Elias (5+critique)

Answer 6

• Sex becomes shameful
• Family as primary generational civilizing process
• discourse on sex related to manners
• no control over behaviour
• External and internal control

Critique: low possibility for social mobility, ethnocentric

Question 7

Foucault (6) and critique

Answer 7

• Sex is never shameful
• Society as primary generational civilizing process
• discourse on sex related to rationality from morality
• behaviour regulated not changed
• repressive hypothesis
• Sex becomes public issue

Critique: focus on discourse, sex as property of the individual

Question 8

Symbolic interactionism (5)

Answer 8

Mead
The self 
Role taking 
2 stages of development : play/game 
I Me GO

Question 9

Role taking

Answer 9

capacity to adjust our behaviour in response to specific social situations

Question 10

The self

Answer 10

Ability to take oneself as a subject and an object

Question 11

Play stage

Answer 11

learn how social world is organized around roles

Question 12

Game stage

Answer 12

Assumes his role and role of others

Multiple selves into one –> full unified self

Question 13

Generalized other

Answer 13

Attitudes of the entire community

Question 14

I

Answer 14

Subject
spontaneaous/ biological
individual response to other’s attitudes

Question 15

Me

Answer 15

Object
Social
Individual adoption of the G-O

Question 16

Dramaturgical Approach

Answer 16

Goffman
The self emerges from face to face interactions
interactions as performance
Impression management

Question 17

Impression management techniques

Answer 17

Defensive

Protective

Question 18

Personal front (+characteristics)

Answer 18

used to manage other’s impression of us

Manners (attitudes), Appearance (items and symbols), setting

Question 19

Face Work

Answer 19

Actions to make consistent with face, counteract threats

Avoidance/corrective

Question 20

Face

Answer 20

positive social value gained from interaction

Question 21

The self according to goffman

Answer 21

collection of different selves

Question 22

Phenomenological Approach

Answer 22

Berger and Luckman

Question 23

Society (Pheno)

Answer 23

Human product - social construction

Ongoing dialectical process composed of 3 moments: Externalization, objectivation, internalization

Question 24

Externalization/institutionalization

Answer 24

Habits develop into institutions

Question 25

Objectivation

Answer 25

Institutions experienced as an objective reality | traditions and custom established through rituals, language, symbols

Question 26

Internalisation/ socialisation

Answer 26

individuals internalize social reality

Question 27

Berger and luck man on soicalsiiton

Answer 27

primary/secondary

Question 28

Macro-analyses 3 theorists

Answer 28

Durkheim Bourdieu Mannheim

Question 29

Macro perspective charcateristics

Answer 29

Individuals as products of society Socialisiton as imporinting of cultural patterns on individuals Individuals as passive receptors

Question 30

Durkehim

Answer 30

Structural functionalist | Social integration, consensus, CC, equilibrium, social fact

Question 31

Social facts

Answer 31

ways of acting, thinking and feeling external to actors that constrain their actions and contribute to maintaining stability Socialisation as internatilisaotn of SF

Question 32

Bourdieu

Answer 32

habitus capital fields

Question 33

Fields

Answer 33

domain of social life with its own rules and relative autonomy

Question 34

Mannheim

Answer 34

Problem of generations location actuality units

Question 35

Generation location

Answer 35

common location in historical/cultural context

Question 36

Generation as actuality

Answer 36

same common destiny, concrete bond

Question 37

Generation units

Answer 37

differing responses

Question 38

Giddens "Romantic love"

Answer 38

process of attraction to someone who can make one's life complete based on emotional bonds and gendered roles

Question 39

Confluent love

Answer 39

Late modernity

Question 40

Pure relationship

Answer 40

Homosexual partnership, cohabitation

Question 41

Hochschild

Answer 41

the second shift and the time period

Question 42

Chernin (6)

Answer 42

``` deinstitutionalization of marriage weakening of social norms surrounding marriage flexible roles mark of prestige more forms + alternatives ```

Question 43

Lauer and Yedanis

Answer 43

on going institutionalization same sex marriage as extension still rigid gendered patterns

Question 44

Annette Lareau

Answer 44

unequal childhoods organization, language, parenting style entitlement and constraint

Question 45

Gardening analogy

Answer 45

concerted cultivation | accomplishment of natural growth

Question 46

Val Gillies

Answer 46

critical evaluation of public policy shift from addressing structural inequalities to individual skills

Question 47

Gender : theorists

Answer 47

Nancy Chodorow Barbara Risman West & Zimmerman

Question 48

Nancy Chodorow

Answer 48

Sex role theory | Gendered family structures

Question 49

Barbara Risman

Answer 49

Structural theory differences created by structure different opportunities and constraints

Question 50

West & Zimmerman

Answer 50

Doing gender theory Sex category Gender as accomplishment : not being; doing. Gender as interactional

Question 51

3 levels of gendered socialisation

Answer 51

individual, interactional, structural

Question 52

Hegemonic Masculinity

Answer 52

Legitimizes dominance of men over women

Question 53

idealized femininity

Answer 53

focus on appearance

Question 54

Thorne

Answer 54

Boys and girls in school

Question 55

Lean in Debate

Answer 55

Sheryl Sandberg | Critique: focus on internal constraints