MIDTERM Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is true of the endocrine system but not the nervous system?
The endocrine system directs long term processes such as pregnancy and puberty.
What is true about the endocrine system?
The endocrine system uses hormones, which are transported by the blood, to communicate with distant tissues; its hormones must bind to specific receptor sites in order to have effects on a tissue; It may take seconds, hours, or days to respond to a stimulus and its actions may last seconds, hours, or days.
Which mediator is considered to be both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?
Norepinephrine is considered to be both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.
Name several endocrine glands?
The thyroid gland, the adrenal gland and the pituitary gland are all endocrine glands.
Which organ does NOT contain endocrine tissue?
The gall bladder does NOT contain endocrine tissue.
What hormone is NOT lipid-soluble?
Insulin is NOT a lipid-soluble hormone.
Which classes of hormones are water-soluble?
Eicosanoids, amines and peptides are classes of hormones that are water-soluble.
Which hormones are effective when taken orally?
Estrogen and cortisone are effective when taken orally.
What is caused by hormone?
Stimulating the contraction of skeletal muscles is not typically caused by a hormone.
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormones have opposite effects on blood Ca2+ level. What are they considered?
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormones have opposite effects on blood Ca2+ level, therefore they are considered to be antagonist.
How is hormone secretion regulated?
Hormone secretion is regulated by the nervous system; by other hormones; and by changes in blood composition.
What can you say about the hypothalamus?
The hypothalamus is a link between the endocrine and nervous systems.
What can you say about the pituitary gland?
The pituitary gland consists of two lobes, the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis.
What can you say about the oxytocin?
Oxytocin stimulates ejection of milk from the breast.
What can you say about the ADH?
ADH inhibits loss of water via urination; decreases loss of water via perspiration and helps regulate blood pressure.
What would increased levels of thyroid hormones do?
Increased levels of thyroid hormones would up regulate beta receptors.
What can you say about the adrenal glands?
The adrenal glands lie superior and medial to the kidneys; have an inner medulla derived from embryonic ectoderm; and have an outer cortex that secretes hormones critical to maintenance of homeostasis.
What can you say about the adrenal medulla?
The adrenal medulla secretes hormones that intensify the fight-or-flight response.
A six-year old spent the day eating sweets. He ate cookies for breakfast, ice cream for lunch and candy for supper. How did his body maintain his blood glucose level within normal range?
His body maintain his blood glucose level within normal range by increasing insulin secretion.
What can you say about the fight-or-flight response?
The fight-or-flight response is the body’s immediate response to a real or perceived threat to survival; elevates heart and respiration rates and blood glucose level; and decreases urinary and digestive functions.
Which is the function(s) of blood?
The function of blood includes transportation of nutrients, wastes and gases, regulation of pH; and defending against infection.
What are the constituents of plasma?
The constituents of plasma are water, proteins and nutrients.
What plasma proteins are made by the liver?
Albumins, fibrinogens, and globulins are plasma proteins made by the liver.
What cells are found in the blood?
Erythrocytes and leukocytes are cells found in the blood.
