Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MUSC 063 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

classical

A

art music of the courts and temples of India, when it came to urban centers in the 19th century

implies long history, sophisticated techniques, refined theory

term for music based on raga and tala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

raga

A

melody

associated w/time of day, thought to have other connections to natural world (either connection to a season, or has healing powers etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tala

A

rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hindustani

A

classical system of North India, developed by about 15th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Carnatic

A

classical system of south india, developed by about 15th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sangita shastra

A

“music technical works”, written texts in Sanskrit that preserves long history of music theory

specialists study these to reconstruct history of musical thought and practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

oral tradition

A

has always interacted w/ written text

formal rules have been carried orally/transmitted thru memorization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Natyashastra

A

one of the earliest sanskrit theoretical texts on the arts

compiled before 400 CE, contains theory on theater, dance, and music

describes elaborate theory of musical pitch; outlines theory of aesthetics that’s foundational for Indian fine arts

composed in rhyming verses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sangitaratnakara

A

14th century

premier text of the medieval period
7 chapters, basis for later texts written in Persian and Sanskrit: covers pitch, raga, techniques, tala, instruments, and dance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Paluskar

A

charismatic performer, attracted students w/ his focus on devotional sensibilities

standardized theory and notation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bhatkhande

A

reinterpreted Sanskrit terms and presented classroom-friendly music curricula

standardized theory and notation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Purandara Dasa

A

15th century

his work was adopted for teaching pedagogy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Venkatamakhi

A

17th century

his work was adopted for raga classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

svara

A

Indian term for a pitch or musical tone

Sanskrit term for sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

saptaka

A

sequence of seven svaras

“consisting of 7”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

shruti

A

interval b/w svara and the adjacent pitch
microtonal division

defined by Natyashastra as smallest interval the ear could discern; used shrutis in conjunction w/ ideas of consonance and dissonances

each svara consists of 2-4 shrutis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gamaka

A

profusion of slides, turns and flourishes
applied fluidly in the context of raga phrasings
learned orally from teacher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

notation (syllabic)

A

not intended to convey all the nuances of the performed music

a tool to trigger a student’s memory for what has been orally learned/to record the basic outline of a piece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

guru

A

from Sanskrit
master
a teacher, spiritual guide and model for the student’s life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

shishya

A

from Sanskrit
disciple
“taught”

initiated w/formal ceremony, becomes representative of the guru’s artistic lineage for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ustad

A

in Urdu
master/teacher

also refers to professional hereditary musician or other master of a traditional craft

commonly given to a senior master musician, usually a Muslim, by general consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

shagird

Study These Flashcards
A

in Urdu, the disciple

23
Q

Pandit

Study These Flashcards
A

“scholar”

often given to senior Hindu musician, by general consent

24
Q

Raga Yaman

Study These Flashcards
A

raga of the early evening
thought to evoke delicate moods of love
uses all natural pitches, except for tivra ma

25
dhrupad
dhrupad singer most prestigious musicians in pre-modern court centers of north india long, sustained notes and a strong voice improv is methodical and systematic, first variations are slow and restrained, gradually gains speed evokes dignified and refined musical environment, reminding audiences of great patrons and singers of past, and long legacy of Hindustan music in the courts
26
Tansen
legendary dhrupad singer | said to be able to light a fire when he sang Raga Dipak
27
sthai
1st line of the composition
28
antara
2nd and final line of pre-composed part of the performance melody reaches higher octave
29
pakhavaj
premier drum of pre-modern North India court music ancestor of modern tabla barrel drum held horizontally and played by both hands strong ringing sound, deep booming pitches
30
Chautal
tala cycle of 12 beats
31
theka
"support" helps to express tala specific set of strokes played on the tabla
32
khyal
predominant vocal genre of Hindustani classical elaborate flourishes and flowing style "imagination" quick movements and free-flowing approach to improv slow-tempo composition & variations, = bada khyal fast composition = chota kyal lyrics often speak of love, and allude to both human love and bhakti devotion
33
tabla
prevalent drum of Hindustani classical bell-like tone, expressive intonation keeps tala cycle, also ornaments and complements the singing
34
sam
1st beat of tala cycle
35
mukhra
this phrase is the "face" of the khyal phrase you begin tal with beginning of the sthai is used as the theme to which variations returns
36
vistar
"expansion" flowing, melodious improvisations float around and across beats of the tala as beautiful combos of raga's pitches singer sings long sustained notes and explores raga in winding, delicate phrases
37
tan
fast-running improvisations
38
sarod
plucked instrument held across the lap, played w/ triangular plectrum meanas "music" in arabic modification of the rabab, an instrument of similar shape from central asia wide neck covered in chrome metal plate, has no frets has distinctive punchy sound
39
sitar
developed out of long-necked fretted instruments wide neck, has ringing for sustained notes arched metal frets allow player to pull melody string to side and produce many pitches on a single fret wooden face backed by a resonator made of a half-gourd
40
alap
free-rhythm section of performance "conversation" improvised, no drum accompaniment, instrumentalist explores phrases of the raga w/o rhythmic constraint requires thorough knowledge of the raga and precise intonation
41
gat
composed section of an instrumental performance | short, consists of sthai and antara, and is followed by variations
42
tihai
"group of 3" phrase repeated 3 times with a gap of equal duration b/w each repitition ends precisely at intended point of the tala cycle
43
thumri
semi-classical genre songs in poetic Hindi about love sung in "light" ragas and in talas talas can be improvised on more freely than pure classical ragas sung in melodious style w/focus on interpreting words of the poem some thumri specialists acted out lyrics using hand gestures and facial expressions
44
ghazal
type of rhyming poetry originating in Persian language series of rhyming couplets speaks in male voice about agony of love, celebrates irony that the suffering of a lover is the highest calling in life 2 short liens composed in specific poetic meter end in a rhyme, same end-rhyme is used in other couplets of sequence sung in special mehfils or semi-classical music; the sung ghazal is one o the major song types of North India appeals to audiences who savor the poetic content and appreciate refined history that ghazals represent
45
she'r
word for each 2-line couplet in a ghazal
46
mehfil
"gathering" | ghazal poetry is recited in special mehfils
47
tintal
most common tala in Hindustani music | medium tempo
48
7 Svaras
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni
49
singing in sargam
when pitches are sung using their names
50
12 possible pitches in Hindustani system
``` Sa Komal Re, Shuddh Re Komal Ga, Shuddh Ga Shuddh Ma, Tivra Ma Pa Komal Dha, Shuddh Dha Komal Ni, Shuddh Ni ```
51
an octave has ___ shrutis
22
52
meend
slide
53
murki
knot
54
gamak
forceful approach to a svara

MUSC 063 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions