Midterm

Question 1

Palpitation: Clinical Application

Answer 1

• PT Assessment: defining area of treatment, confirming location/verify structures, provocation of symptoms, assessment of mobility
• PT Treatment: mobilization, soft tissue relaxation, pain relief
• palpitation can detect if patient is activating muscles he may not supposed to be-steady hand used as reminder to not use those which can relax patient and provide pain relief

Question 2

Planes of Movement

Answer 2

• frontal/coronal: splits body into front and back (adduction and abduction-pertain only to appendages)
• sagittal: splits body in right and left (flexion and extension)
• transverse: splits body in top and bottom (superior and inferior)

Question 3

Medial Rotation

Answer 3

• occur at shoulder and hip joints

- limb turns in toward midline

Question 4

Lateral Rotation

Answer 4

• occur at shoulder and hip joints

- limb swings away from midline

Question 5

Circumduction

Answer 5

• possible only at shoulder and hip joints

- combo of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction together creating a cone shaped movement

Question 6

Lateral Flextion

Answer 6

• occurs only at axial skeleton

- ex: neck or vertebral column bends laterally to the side

Question 7

Protraction and Retraction

Answer 7

• pertain to scapula, clavicle, head, and jaw
• protraction occurs when one of these structures moves anteriorly
• retraction is movement posteriorly

Question 8

Axial Skeleton

Answer 8

• skeletons center

- cranium, vertebral column, ribs, sternum and hyoid

Question 9

Apendicular Skeleton

Answer 9

-arms, legs, pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle), and pelvic girdle (hips)

Question 10

Ellipsoid Joint

Answer 10

• oval shaped end o fone bone articulating with elliptical basin of another bone
• permits flexion/extension and abduction/adduction

Question 11

Saddle Joint

Answer 11

• modified ellipsoid joint composed of convex and concave articulating surfaces
• ex trapezium and first metacarpal

Question 12

Pivot Joint

Answer 12

• designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone
• ex: first and second cervical vertebrae allow rotation of head

Question 13

Gliding Joint

Answer 13

• between two flat surfaces

- ex: between carpal bones

Question 14

4 Major Systems PTs Screen

Answer 14

• integumentary
• musculoskeletal
• cardiopulmonary
• nervous

Question 15

Tendons

Answer 15

• connect muscles to bones

- becomes taut or slack depending on if muscle belly is contracted

Question 16

Ligament

Answer 16

• connects bone to bone at joints for stability

- dense, taut feel and remain taut throughout all states of contraction

Question 17

Fascia

Answer 17

• continuous sheet of fibrous membrane located beneath the skin and around muscles and organs
• two types: superficial and deep
• superficial: thickness varies; spatial layer filled with other tissue
• deep: more complex design; surrounding muscle bellies and separating them into functional groups

Question 18

Borders and Content of Cubital Fossa

Answer 18

• lateral border: medial border of brachioradialis
• medial border: lateral border of pronator teres
• contents: median nerve, brachial artery that divides into radial and ulnar arteries, deep branch of radial nerve, biceps brachii tendon

Question 19

Attachments of Flexor Retinaculum

Answer 19

-pisiform, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium, and hook of hamate

Question 20

Which has greater mobility ulnar or radial deviation? Why?

Answer 20

• ulnar

- the radius creates a bony block on the dorsal side

Question 21

Which carpal is most often fractured? Dislocated?

Answer 21

• scaphoid

- lunate

Question 22

What are the 3 true synovial joints of the shoulder?

Answer 22

• glenohumeral
• sternoclavicular
• acromioclavicular

Question 23

What is the pseudo joint of the shoulder?

Answer 23

• scapulothoracic

- does not have the usual joint components like a synovial membrane, or ligaments connecting to bones

Question 24

Shoulder movement needed to: reach opposite shoulder

Answer 24

-flexion and medial rotation

Question 25

Shoulder movement needed to: elevate shoulder overhead to reach a high shelf

Answer 25

-flexion

Question 26

Shoulder movement needed to: reach behind head

Answer 26

-abduction and external rotation

Question 27

Shoulder movement needed to: reach small of back

Answer 27

-adduction, extension, and internal rotation

Question 28

Which muscles of the shoulder/arm have actions that are antagonistic to itself?

Answer 28

- deltoid: posterior fibers extend, anterior fibers flex - trapezius: upper fibers elevate scapula and lower fibers depress - pectoralis major: upper fibers flex, lower fibers extend

Question 29

Muscles Involved with Scapular Elevation

Answer 29

-trapezius (upper), rhomboids, levator scapula

Question 30

Muscles Involved with Scapular Depression

Answer 30

-trapezius (lower), serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

Question 31

Muscles Involved with Scapular Adduction

Answer 31

-rhomboids, trapezius (middle)

Question 32

Muscles Involved with Scapular Abduction

Answer 32

-pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

Question 33

Muscles Involved with Scapular Upward Rotation

Answer 33

-trapezius (upper and lower), serratus anterior

Question 34

Muscles Involved with Scapular Downward Rotation

Answer 34

-rhomboids, levator scapula, pectoralis minor

Question 35

Muscles that Connect Humerus to Scapula

Answer 35

-pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, coracobrachialis, teres minor, teres major, deltoid, subscapularis

Question 36

Muscles that Connect Axial Spine to Humerus

Answer 36

-pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi

Question 37

Which muscles form walls of axillary wall?

Answer 37

- posterior: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi - medial: serratus anterior and rib cage - anterior: pectoralis major and minor - lateral: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

Question 38

Name the muscles that make up the thenar and hypothenar eminences

Answer 38

- thenar: abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis and adductor pollicis (web space) - hypothenar: abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis and opponens digiti minimi

Question 39

What is the general origin of wrist flexor group?

Answer 39

-medial side of humerus

Question 40

What is the general origin of wrist extensor group?

Answer 40

-lateral side of humerus

Question 41

What's the floor of the anatomical snuff box? Its borders?

Answer 41

- scaphoid | - extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus

Question 42

What's the most powerful supinator?

Answer 42

-biceps brachii

Question 43

Ulnar Nerve

Answer 43

-palpated between medial epicondyle and olecranon process