Midterm Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
What did the study on students in toggle show?
A
As we progressed in the curriculum our speed reduced as we gained conrol
2
Q
What is the unique feature of Force/Time plot in toggle
A
2-peak feature of force-time plot unique to toggle recoil manipulation with a drop mechanism
3
Q
Restoration of the atlas in alignment showed a what to BP
A
sustained reduction similar to that of a 2-drug combination therapy
4
Q
What is health
A
state of optimal physical, emotional and social well-being
5
Q
What receives afferent postural input from the dorsal neck musculature
A
Intermediate nucleus
6
Q
Where does interference occur with an atlas subluxation
A
between the intermediate nucleus and the nucleus tractus solitaruis
7
Q
What reflex is altered with atlas subluxation and BP
A
baroreceptor reflex
8
Q
What do the triceps give you in an adjustment
A
speed
9
Q
what do the pecs give you in an adjustment
A
depth
10
Q
What are the 3 upper cervical theories
A
dysafferentation/dysefferentation
dentate ligament theory
fluid dynamics theory
11
Q
What is the dysafferentation/dysefferentation theory
A
Broad umbrella theory about signals in and out
12
Q
What is the dentate ligament theory
A
States that tension/torsion of the dentate ligaments can affect the cord causing dysfunction through a series of anatomical features
13
Q
4 structures at level of atlas
A
dura mater
Pia mater
Dentate ligaments
Myodural bridge
14
Q
What does the myodural bridge form between
A
rectus capitis posterior minor attaching and dura mater
15
Q
What is the fluid dynamics theory
A
States that every fluid should be in equilibrium
CSF, Lymph, blood (o2, immunity)
16
Q
Which theory do the 5 pathologies fit
A
fluid dynamics theory
17
Q
What are the 8 exercises we do to warm up
A
hamstring shoulder roll thumb web stretch (grasp) wrist (4) arched hand torque pectoralis (2) triceps
18
Q
5 evaluation procedures in chiropractic
A
xray instrumentation leg check palpation symptomatology
19
Q
pp
A
patient placement
20
Q
ds
A
doctor stance
21
Q
cp
A
contact point
22
Q
scp
A
segmental contact point
23
Q
ch
A
contact hand
24
Q
sh
A
stabilization hand
25
tq
torque
26
tp
tissue pull
27
ri
roll in
28
loc
line of correction
29
what is accommodation
The need of the doctor to alter body position in order to allow the minimal and equal elbow bend.
30
what is adjustment
Delivery of a specific dynamic thrust to a neurologically influenced joint complex.
31
arch
Position of doctor’s hand to allow a specific stabilized pisiform contact.
32
depth
Distance travelled by the contact point during the thrust prior to retraction or follow through (pectoralis musculature).
33
speed
Velocity of the segmental contact point (triceps).
34
toggle
knee-like joint that transmits pressures at right angles. It has two arms that are hinged together at an angle. A force applied at the hinge, causing the angle to straighten, produces a much greater force at the end of the arms.
35
recoil
The vibratory or oscillatory motion of a system, due to the innate elasticity of that system in response to the application of a force until a new equilibrium is realized
36
Cp 1
pisiform
37
cp 2
fleshy pisiform
38
cp 3
5th metacarpal
39
cp 4
chiro index finger middle and proximal pads
40
cp 5
tip of chiro index finger
41
cp 6
tip pointer finger
42
cp 7
middle pad of pointer finger
43
cp 8
proximal pad of pointer finger/1st meta carpal
44
cp9
tip of thumb
45
cp 10a
distal thenar pad
46
cp 10b
proximal thenar pad
47
cp 11
hook hammate
48
how many toggle upper cervical listings are there
20
49
how many atlas listings are there
12
50
how many axis listings are there
8
51
What does AS mean
a- atlas
| s-anterior tubercle superior
52
what does AI mean
a-atlas
| i-anterior tubercle inferior
53
what does R/L mean
curvalinear motion to right or left
54
what does A/P mean
rotated anterior or posterior on side of laterality
55
What does a simple axis listing have
Spinous right (left)-body pivot
entire segment right (left)
56
what does a compound axis listing have
Spinous right (left)-body pivot, entire segment right (left)
57
in terms of relative rotation what does constant mean
when the atlas and axis rotate in the same direction
58
in terms of relative rotation what does variable mean
atlas and axis rotate in opposite directions
59
in terms of relative rotation what does non-applicable mean
when atlas and/or axis show no rotation
60
What to adjust when the rotation is constant
which ever has the greater misalignment
61
what to adjust when variable
atlas first
62
what to adjust when non-applicable
which ever has the greater misalignment
63
8 findings on stick diagrams
1. specific for lateral
2. specific for nasium
3. 70% for nasium
4. specific for base post
5. complete atlas
6. complete axis
7. assumed atlas
8. constant/var/ NA
64
what is the functional view
taken A-P but analyzed P-A
65
Projection name for lateral
longitudinal
66
Projection name for nasium
horizontal
67
Projection name for base posterior
vertical
68
Projection name for apom
verticohorizontal
69
what views are for toggle
nasium and base posterior
70
Primary Purpose for lateral view
determines AS/AI of c1
71
Primary Purpose for nasium
determines laterality of c1
72
Primary Purpose for base posterior
determine rotation of c1
73
Primary Purpose for apom
determines c2 listing
74
secondary purpose for lateral
evaluate cervical curve and pathologies
75
secondary purpose for nasium
70% finding and condyle asymmetry
76
secondary purpose for base posterior
evalutate for pathologies
77
secondary purpose for apom
assumed atlas and pathologies
78
Lines on lateral
Occiptal condyle line
atlas plane line
listing line
79
how to draw Occipital condyle line
front and back of occipital condyle
80
how to draw atlas plane line
anterior tubercle and posterior arch
**base of anterior tubercle**
81
how to draw listing line
parallel to OCL
82
What does the nasium view tell us
horizontal pitch of atlas
83
Lines on the nazium
ocular orbit line
superior base line
inferior base line
vertical median line
84
how to draw ocular orbit line
analagous points in orbits
85
what does the ocular orbit line tell us
pitch of head
86
how to draw superior basic line
parallel to OOL, down to first medial inferior condyle tips
87
how to draw inferior basic line
lateral inferior tips of c1 lateral masses
88
how to draw vertical median line
drawn through the center of the foramen magnum and is 90 to the OOL
89
lines on the base posterior
atlas plane line
| perpendicular skull line
90
how to draw atlas plane line
middle of transverse foramina
91
how to draw perpendicular skull line
Originates high and centrally on the nasal septum and then intersects the middle of the basiliar process.
92
lines on apom
Ocular orbit line
superior basic line
inferior basic line
vertical median line
93
how to draw superior basic line on apom
jugular processes
94
1" pivot
anterior listing
95
2" pivot
3 letter listing
96
3" pivot
posterior listing
97
LOC via ASRA
S-I
R-L
A-P
98
AS torque
towards body
99
AI torque
away from body
100
Episternal notch for anterior
1" infront of external acuoustic meatus
so on zygomatic arch
101
Episternal notch for 3 letter listing
at external acoustic meatus
102
Episternal notch for posterior listing
1" behind external acousitc meatus
so on EOP
103
where does your episternal notch go
center of your mechanism
104
tissue pull for anterior
S-I, A-P
105
tissue pull for 3 letter
S-I
106
tissue pull for posterior
S-I, P-A
107
Arch/Roll In procedure
```
1- stance
2- pivot
3-bend
4- notch
5-accomidate
6-palpate
7-TP
8-arch
9-RI
10-stabilize
11-minimize
12-equalize
```
108
vertical median line is in reference to what structure
foramen magnum
109
what does the vertical median line represent
bio-geometric center of canal/foramen magnum
110
What does tytron tell you
relative skin temp
111
what pathology does tytron show you
neuropathology
112
pattern gold standard
3 scans within 24 hours (0-12-24)
113
How many hours does the upper cervicals use to show adaptation
4 hours
114
Pre scan
before adjustment
115
post scan
after 10 minutes of rest
116
3 scan outcomes
pattern
adaptive
stress
117
pattern
lay on top of eachother
118
adaptive
looks like dna
119
stress
sharp breaks
120
what causes stress scans
```
emotional stress
physical stress
pain
drugs
caffeine
```
121
office procedure for tytron
```
acclimate
1st reading
x-rays, case history, exams
2nd reading
return later in day
analyze films
3rd reading
adjust
rest
eval
```
122
What are the reasons we use torque
1. correction factor for AS/AI
2. isolate thrust force
3. penetration through soft tissue
4. concentrates force to focal point
5. adds speed
123
how to find posterior arch
styloid fossa....posterior spinous c2
2/3 way
124
lam ped of c2 is where
from posterior arch its 1 finger length inferior and 1 finger length medial
125
where is mid lamina of c2
more medial and inferior
126
why would you contact posterior arch
- elongated mastoid
- elongated styloid
- altered angle of C1 TVP
- excessive AS/AI (+10)
- CP/SCP size
127
Where do you move your episternal notch when contacting posterior arch
posterior 1"
Anterior- at auditory meatus
3 letter-behind ear
posterior- beyond head
128
Altered tissue pull with posterior arch contact
a- S-I, A-P
3- S-I, A-P
p- S-I, A-P
129
70 % rule for nasium
side of convergence of SBL and IBL is laterality
