Midterm Flashcards
(23 cards)
How many chromosomes are in a “normal” human karyotype?
46
How would Down’s syndrome be detected on a karyotype?
One extra on the 21st
What is the difference between a point mutation and a chromosomal mutation?
Chromosomal mutation is structural changes in Karyotype or mutation of chromosome & Point mutation is mutation of gene.
What is produced during transcription?
MRNA
What is produced during translation?
RRNA
The base pair rule in DNA.
whatever the amount of adenine (A) in the DNA of an organism, the amount of thymine (T) is the same (called Chargaff’s rule). Similarly, whatever the amount of guanine (G), the a
Genes contain instructions for assembling what?
DNA
What can a karyotype show?
Genetic disorders
What are the sex chromosomes of a male? Female?
Sperm-Male
Egg-Female
What sex chromosomes does a father give to his child?
Y or X
What sex chromosomes does a mother give to her child?
X or X
What is genotype?
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
What is a phenotype?
Physical Traits
If you have bold type A
Genotypes, AA, IAA, IAa, Aa
Receive O & A
If you have bold type O
Genotype- Oo, OO, Ij, IO
Receive O
If you have bold type B
Genotype- B, IB
Receive O & B
If you have bold type AB
Genotype- AB
O & A & B & AB
Most sex linked genes are located where?
On the 23rd pair or the XY chromosomes
Why is colorblindness more common in males than in females?
Because they only have one X from their mother. So if it’s damaged they don’t have a backup.
What is “DNA Fingerprinting” and what is it based on?
the analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals.
What restriction enzymes and what do they do?
enzymes that cut nucleotides at locations called resection points
What is gel electrophoresis and what can it be used to determine?
The separation of macromolecules
Genes associated with disease
What are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA and RNA are made up of monomers called nucleotides. - DNA and RNA both have 3 nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Cytosine and Guanine. - DNA and RNA both have a phosphate groups in their nucleotides. Sometimes called phosphoric acid.
