Midterm Flashcards
Scientific Method
Testing ideas in the public arena STEPS: 1-identify a problem 2-clarify the problem 3-determine the info needed & how to obtain it 4-organize the information 5-interpret the result
Experimental Research
The most conclusive of scientific methods,
The researcher establishes different treatments & then studies their effects,
Results from this type of research are likely to lead to the most clear cut interpretations,
Single subject research involves the intensive study of a single individual
Correlational Research
Used to determine relationships among two or more variables and to explore their implications for cause and effect,
Requires no manipulation or intervention,
Use this type of research to look for and describe relationships
Causal-Comparative
Intended to determine the cause for, or the consequences of differences between groups of people
Survey Research
Obtains data to determine specific characteristics of a group,
Descriptive survey or interview,
DIFFICULTIES
1-ensuring that the questions are clear and not misleading
2-getting respondents to answer questions thoughtfully and honestly
3-getting a sufficient number of the questionnaires completed and returned
Ethnographic Research
Qualitative, the emphasis in this type of research is on documenting or portraying the everyday experiences of individuals by observing and interviewing them and relevant others
Narrative Methods
Biography, the researcher focuses on important experiences in the life of an individual
Phenomenology
The researcher focuses on a particular phenomenon
Case Study
A single individual, group, or important example is studied extensively
Grounded Theory
Emphasizes continual interplay between raw data and the researchers interpretations that emerge from the data
Historical Research
Some aspect of the past is studied by locking at documents of the period or by interviewing individuals who lived during the time
Action Research
Actions researchers focus on getting information that will enable them to change conditions in a particular situation in which they are personally involved
Evaluation Research
Formative-intended to improve the object being evaluated-examine the delivery
Summative-seek to examine the effects or outcomes of an object by describing what happens after the delivery of the program or tech to assess whether the object caused the outcome
(Formative-needs assessment, summative-outcome evaluations or impact evaluations)
Descriptive
Describe a given state of affairs as fully and carefully as possible
Associational
Investigates relationships
Intervention studies
A particular method or treatment is expected to influence one or more outcomes
Meta-Analysis
An attempt to reduce the limitations of individual studies by trying to locate all of the studies on a particular topic and then using statistical means to synthesize the results of these studies
What is the only type of research that directly attempts to influence a particular variable, and when properly applied, it is the best type for testing hypotheses about cause/effect relationships?
Experimental Research
Independent Variable
The experimental or treatment variable
Dependent Variable
Criterion or outcome variable refers to the results or outcomes of the study
Researchers manipulate the ______ variable
Independent
Change is planned for and deliberately manipulated in order to study it’s effects on one or more ____
Outcomes
What group receives a treatment?
Experimental group
Which group revives no treatment?
Control group
