Midterm Flashcards
(24 cards)
Application of thrust procedures through a joint in specified planes.
manipulation/adjustment
Passive movement of the joint to varying degrees without thrust.
Mobilization
Axial distracted force of an articulation-can be mobilization or manipulation oriented
Manual distraction/traction
Active movement of a joint through normal range with mobilization pressure applied at the end of range
Mobilization with movement
Distinct practice by lay persons with no formalized training (trained via apprenticeships) - usually reducing fractures and dislocations, but may in some cases utilized manipulative techniques devised on their own.
Bone setting
Put the following in order of time of event.
A-Chinese references to manipulation
B-the Greeks were the first to document the use of spinal manipulation.
C-Incan Indian (documented massage used instead of trepanning), Babylonian and Egyptian cultures made reference to use of massage and manipulation.
D-Asclepias and Greeks mention manipulation
E-Manipulation referenced in cave drawings in Europe.
F-Hippocrates
E, A, C, D, B, F
What 4 things did Hippocrates do that was similar to chiropractic?
- Used gravity as a traction/distraction technique.
- Relocated joints through closed manipulation
- used a traction table to distraction scoliotic spines
- used pressure to address Gibbs’s deformities
Manipulation survived transitions from __________ tribes and __________ hoards to ancient societies.
Isolated, nomadic
The major difference in societies from their predecessor tribes was the intent of manipulation - it’s purpose transitioned from the ____________ to more __________, ____________, ___________ reasons for manipulating the human frame.
Mystical, person-centered, direct, mechanical
__________, was the province of surgeons till the 1800’s was abandoned to _____________, who were viewed with condescension and disdain by the remainder of the medical community.
Manipulation, bonesetters
___________ era was the earliest formal emergence of medicine;s use of manipulation
Hippocratic
__________was a technique performed by physicians (______________ suspension with violent shaking of the body)
Succussion, antigravity
Hippocrates roundly criticized _________ and called its advocates “_________.” He felt more targeted and controlled manipulation was appropriate.
Succussion, Charlatans
_______, _______, and ______ would all continue to advocate manipulation in their teachings and writings based on hippocrates’ approach- this carried Hippocrates’ ideologies of medical practice into the ___________.
Galen, Avicenna, Vesalius ,1500’s.
______, _______, and _______ all practiced manipulation as a part of their practices in the 1700’s
Hunter, Hay, and Harrison
In the 1800’s ___________ hypothesized that impaired neurological or vascular supply to an organ would impair its function and eventually its structure
Riadore
In the ____________ manipulation was abandoned by medicine- it was crude and fraught with complications and fared poorly in comparison to the burgeoning areas of internal medicine’s approaches- it was relegated to the barbers.
Mid-1800’s
Manipulation would not regain status in medicine until _______ 1800’s with ________ publishing a blood on bone setting techniques. This would be the first evidences of medicine practiced purely as a manipulating practice and would re establish the favor of manipulation in medicine.
Late, Wharton Hood’s
_____ and ______ introduced “manipulation” as a term to describe what previously was known as “bone setting”
Marsh and Fox
_________, while it always maintained a separate status, it would begin to integrate with medicine through Hood’s work, but would then separate again as medicine began to exert legal and legislative control over its practice- an effort to restrict it’s used to licensed medical doctors
Bone setting
Andrew Taylor Still founded _______________
Osteopathy
What 4 things are part of Osteopathy
- The lightening bonesetter
- The Law of the Artery
- Still’s manipulation involved pumping type motions with long levers to facilitate circulation and lymphatic movement.
- Was also an advocate of cranioscaral therapy, which is a technique unto itself nowadays.
Who was the founder of Chiropractic
Daniel D. Palmer
3 points of Chiropractic DD palmer
- Believed that subluxations were the cause of nerve interference that impinged flow of innate intelligence, which was flowing through nerves.
- The “Law of the Nerve”
- The Palmer’s manipulation was a rapid, forceful style manipulation HVLA, which was unique compared to others’ manipulative technique.
