Midterm Flashcards
(33 cards)
Difference between consonant & vowel
Consonants are produced with obstruction (block of air), primarily nonsyllabic (although L R J W occasionally function as syllables)
Vowels are produced without obstruction, are syllabic
Consonants differ from vowels on all major counts: in the say they are produced, the physical properties, and in the way they are heard
How are consonants and vowels classified
Consonants are classified by place of articulation, manner of articulation, voicing
Vals are classified by lip rounding, heights of tongue, and parts of tongue
What is an approximant
Consonants with a lesser degree of obstruction
- glides (hw, w, j, r)
- laterals (L)
What is a phoneme? why is it considered more abstract then phone?
A phoneme is an abstract bundle of sounds
A phone is a specific sound it is more concrete
What is one example of an allomorph?
An allomorph is a variant of a morpheme.
Examples
When plural
Hat [s]
Bugs [z]
Which is the highest front vowel?
[i] - eat, meet, fee, ski, mean
Which vowels are rounded
[u] ooze, oops, boots, tutor, stew, true
[o]. Ovation, coordination, rotation, open, mango,
(Backwards c] caught, bought, court, core
[lucky U] could would look
What is meant by being in complementary distribution
When 2 sounds Never occur in the same environment
What is a minimal pair
Two words that differ in a single sound in the same place in the word
Example: fine, vine
What is an example of a sounds in English then never occurs in word initial position
song, sing, think
TreaSure, meaSure
What is the difference between a feeding order and bleeding order
A feeding order is an order of rules and which one rule creates the environment for the application of a second and rule
A bleeding order is in order of rules we are one wall blocks the application of a second rule
What is the difference between a phonological rule on a more morphophonemic rule
Phonological: A rule that relates the underlying phonemic representation to the surface phonetic representation of a sound
Morphophonemic: A rule of her relates the underlying phonemic representation to the surface phonetic representation of a phoneme
What is the significance of finding a minim pair?
To identify different phonemes of a language
Feature
Any characteristic of a sound (English: vowel lengthening, nasality, etc.)
Distinctive features
A feature significant enough to take us from one phoneme to another ( example: voicing)
Approximant
Glides and laterals
Hw, w, r, j, l
Tone group
A series of words with one major change in pitch
What is meant by the citation form of a word?
The way the word is said in isolation
What is meant by the weak form of a word?
An unstressed word
What is meant by the strong form of a word?
When the word is stressed
Intonation
Pattern of speech over a speech sample
Tonic syllable/ tonic accent
The syllable in the tone group with major change in pitch
Tone language
A language where pitch is phonemic
How does the rate of speech affect the amount of tone groups?
Fast speech= less tone groups
Slow: more tone groups
