midterm

Question 1

Harlow

Answer 1

Attachment - Surrogate mother experiment: Cloth vs Wire mother

Question 2

-Conventional moral reasoning

Answer 2

• Social rules (i.e. laws)

Question 3

Preoperational

Answer 3

(2-7yrs) - centration (focus on 1 detail)

begin to draw/ pretend play

Question 4

Psychosexual Stages

Answer 4

1) Oral - Mouth (sucking, feeding and weaning)
2) Anal - Elimination and toilet training
3) Phallic - Gender role and moral development
4) Latency - Focus on physical and intellectual activities, (master tasks of
environment and society standards)
5) Genital - Mature relationships

Question 5

erickson’s psychosocial stages

Answer 5

Childhood
adolescence
young adult
middle adult
older adult

Question 6

Locke

Answer 6

Blank slate

Question 7

Rousseau

Answer 7

Children inherently good

Question 8

gilligans stages of moral dev.

Answer 8

1) survival orientation
2) conventional care
3) integrated care

Question 9

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 9

Respondent 6-12 years (school age)

Question 10

Hobbes

Answer 10

Children inherently bad

Question 11

according to vygovsky _____ is a temporary support made in the learning process….

Answer 11

scaffolding

Question 12

Formal operational

Answer 12

(11-15/adulthood) – abstract thinking, algebraic equations

Question 13

Kohlberg

Answer 13

-Preconventional moral reasoning
-Conventional moral reasoning
-Postconventional moral reasoning
Disagreed:
-Heinz Moral Dilemma
-Gilligan’s Stages of Moral Development -

Question 14

ego integrity vs despair

Answer 14

50+ yr

Question 15

Moral Reasoning

Answer 15

-Kohlberg

Question 16

Pavlov

Answer 16

Classical Conditioning (Respondent Conditioning) – conditioned to associate neutral stimulus with meaningful stimulus

Question 17

Piaget

Answer 17

Cognitive Theory

Question 18

generativity cs stagnation

Answer 18

25-50 yr

Question 19

Skinner

Answer 19

Operant Conditioning (Reinforcement and Punishment) 
- behaviors reinforced, (Instrumental Conditioning)

Add something in or take something away to increase or decrease a behavior

• Reinforcement
• Punishment

Question 20

Gibson and Walk (1960)

Answer 20

Visual Cliff Experiment - Depth Perception Experiment (6+ month old will not go even with mother’s encouragement)

2-3 mo no depth perception
6-14 mo afraid of deep end

Question 21

-Postconventional moral reasoning

Answer 21

• Moral principles (i.e. individual conscience)

Question 22

intimacy vs isolation

Answer 22

19-25 yr

Question 23

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 23

3-6 years (preschool), rewards vs. inferiority (praise) and punishment (criticism)

Question 24

Attachment

Answer 24

Freud
Erickson
Bowlby
Ainsworth

Question 25

Bronfenbrenner

Answer 25

All systems surrounding individual contributes to development Microsystems: face-to-face Exosystems: Societal Institutions Macrosystems: Cultural beliefs and values

Question 26

Thomas and Chess

Answer 26

Temperament Goodness of Fit: - good fit, poor fit - Easy - Difficult - Slow to Warm

Question 27

"because i said so" type of parenting according to baumrind?

Answer 27

authoritarian

Question 28

-Preconventional moral reasoning

Answer 28

- Rewards & punishments

Question 29

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 29

Critical period Imprinting - bond created immediately after birth on first moving object

Question 30

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 30

Birth-1 year, develop attachments, future relationships rely on

Question 31

Sensorimotor

Answer 31

(0-2 yrs.) – sensory, object permanence (8 months) - awareness that object is out of sight

Question 32

erickson's psychosocial stages childhood

Answer 32

- Trust vs. Mistrust - Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt - Initiative vs. Guilt - Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 33

stage 1 survival orientation | gilligan

Answer 33

- egocentric concern for self, - lack of awareness of others needs, - right action is what promotes emotional or physical survival

Question 34

Ainsworth

Answer 34

Strange Situation Secure Attachment Insecure Attachment Research

Question 35

Impacting Factors Rutter’s Indicators (1985)

Answer 35

``` - Risk Factors are predictors of child psychopathology (1 factor = 2% increase, 4+ factors = 21% increase) 1) Severe marital discord 2) Low SES 3) Overcrowding/large family size 4) Parental criminality 5) Maternal psychopathology 6) Placement of child outside of home ```

Question 36

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

Answer 36

1-3 years (preschool), independence, feelings of adequacy

Question 37

Concrete operational

Answer 37

(7-11yrs) – logical reasoning, conservation (able to focus on more than 1 detail) e.g. same amount of water in 2 different shaped containers organized thought

Question 38

-which theorist is identified as a cognitive theorist : sensorimotor, pre-op, concrete op, formal op?

Answer 38

piaget

Question 39

Watson

Answer 39

Cognitive behavioral theory behaviorism- all behavior is learned and can be unlearned

Question 40

stage 2 conventional care | gilligan

Answer 40

- lack of distinction between what others what and what is right - right action is whatever pleases others best

Question 41

stage 3 integrated care | gilligan

Answer 41

- coordination or integrating of needs of self and others | - right action takes account of self as well as others

Question 42

Vygotsky Scaffolding

Answer 42

- temporary support/aid in learning process Zone of Proximal Development - skills learned but cannot master without help

Question 43

Baumrind Parenting Styles

Answer 43

Authoritarian authoritative permissive rejecting-neglecting

Question 44

Erickson

Answer 44

Psychosocial Stages across the life span

Question 45

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer 45

12-19 yr

Question 46

Bandura Social Learning Theory

Answer 46

– observational learning through imitation | Modeling Vicarious reinforcement