Midterm Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
King George 3
A
King of Great Britain during colonial era. King during french and Indian war, which British won
2
Q
Grenville
A
Prime minister appointed by King George 3
3
Q
Proc Line of 1763
A
line established by British to sepeerate and reduce conflicts between the colonists and Indians
4
Q
Stamp Act
A
1765, first direct British tax on the colonists
5
Q
Sons/daughters of liberty
A
- sons of liberty formed by Sam Adams in response to the Stamp Act
- Daughters of liberty formed after Townshend acts in 1767
6
Q
Townshend acts
A
passed in 1767, taxed glass, paint, paper, lead products, and 3 cent tax on tea
7
Q
Boston Massacre
A
- march 1770, mixup between colonists and soldiers, 5 colonists dead.
- townshend acts removed but keep tax on tea
8
Q
Tea Act
A
1773, British East Indian company shipped tea directly to colonists
- colonists angry, didnt want to buy the british tea
9
Q
Intolerable acts
A
- 1774
- harsh laws on colonists after boston tea party
- lead to first continental congress
10
Q
first continental congressn
A
Sept 5, 1773 in Philidelphia, reps from all except gerogia, said no revolution but want relief on intolerable acts and said no tax without representation in parliament
11
Q
lexington and concord
A
- Lexington: “shot heard round the world”, 70 minutemen gather on Lexington green
- Concord: British find and throw musket balls into a pond, then get surrounded and attacked by colonists,
12
Q
second continental congress
A
authorized American paper money, olive branch petition, ratify declaration of independence.
13
Q
olive branch petition
A
petition by colonists to king George 3, colonists would remove army if British removed army and removed intolerable acts, king says NO!!!
14
Q
common sense
A
written by Thomas Paine, listed everything wrong with the British gov, criticized the king
15
Q
Thomas Paine
A
Wrote Common Sense
16
Q
Dec of Independence
A
written by Thomas Jefferson, state reasons why colonists wanted independence from British, all men are equal
17
Q
Strengths/Weaknesses of amercian and brittish armies
A
Continental Army:
- weaknesses: not enough money to produce weapons, not enough well trained soldiers, unequipped
- strengths: help from France and Spain, and Holland, fighting on familiar territory,
British Army:
- weaknesses: transport men and supplies over large ocean, not familiar with grounds, french navy joined US
- strengths: large well-trained army, tons of ammunition and weapons
18
Q
Hessians
A
mercenary fighters for British
19
Q
Howe brothers
A
British generals responsible for taking New York
20
Q
Battles of Trenton and Princeton
A
Trenton: - december 26, 1776 - Washington sneak attack Princeton: - actual battle - pushed British troops back - turning point in war
21
Q
Burgoyne and Saratoga
A
Burgoyne: British General at battle of Saratoga
Battle of Saratoga: Burgoynes plan was to split the army up and then advance, but General Howe didn’t know the plan, Burgoyne and his men get bagged down and attacked, Burgoyne surrenders to General Horation and General Benedict,
*French join colonists after this victory
22
Q
Cornwallis
A
British general in south, Surrenderd at Yorktown
23
Q
Swamp Fox
A
Francis Marion, guerrilla fighter
24
Q
General Gage
A
British General in northeast, lexington and concord
25
Yorktown
Cornwallis retreats to Yorktown and awaits support, support doesn't come, gets surrounded by french navy and troops, surrenders on Oct 19 1781,
*Ends war
26
Degrasse
Admiral of French navy
27
Rochambeau
General of French troops,
28
Article of confederation
- written by John Dickinson
- submitted in 1778, ratified in 1781
- First draft of constitution
-
29
weaknesses of articles of confederation
- no authority to tax or regulate trade so there was an economic depression
- depended on states to finance operations
30
shays rebellion
- led by Daniel Shay in 1786
- mainly in Massachusetts
- uprising of farmers who were protecting their rights
- closed several courts, freed farmers in debtors prison
31
Barbary Pirates
- pirates along Barbary coast of North Africa
| - attacked European and American vessels engaged in mediterranean trade
32
Constitutional Convention
why:
- people weren't happy with gov
- bad in congress
- not creating enough revenue
details:
- 11/13 reps gathered in Philly in 1787
- reps called upon by Washington
- decide to amend the article or get rid of it all together
33
Federalists and Antifederalists
- federalists said YES to constitution
- anti-Federalists said NO to constitution
-
34
Great Compromise
- created by Roger Sherman 1787
- BICAMERAL
1. house of reps: representation based on population
2. Senate: equal representation (each state gets 2 senators)
35
Roger Sherman
created the Great Compromise
36
3/5 Compromise
3/5th of states slave population would count towards representation in the house
37
Articles 1-7
LOOK AT OTHER BRAINSCAPE
38
Bill of rights
first 10 amendments to the constitution
39
elastic clause
congress basically has the ability to do anything
40
ex post facto law
- a person cant get charged for something they did before the new law was created
41
federal power vs state power
```
federal powers:
- over rule state laws
- raise taxes
- hold a military
state powers:
- regulate trade within state
- regulate schools in state
shared powers:
- raise money
- enforce laws
- regulate trade
```
42
checks and balances system
a system that makes sure no branch in the gov gets to much power
- LOOK AT CONSTITUTION TEST
43
powers of each branch
- legislative branch: makes laws and declares war, impeach federal judges
- Executive branch: President, enforces laws, appoint judges
- Judicial branch: holds courts and jurys
44
electoral college
- used to vote for president
- each state gets their 2 senators + their number of house reps, Md gets 2+8=10 votes
- majority of electoral college vote wins
45
Daniel Shay
Led Shays Rebellion
46
Thomas Jefferson
Louisiana Purchase
47
Jay, Madison, Hamilton
Federalists
48
Henry, Adams, Mason
anti- Federalists
49
James Madison
wrote plan for VA
50
John Dickinson
Wrote the articles of confederation
51
Tariff System
- put into place after ratification of the articles of confederation
- each state had their own tariff, import taxes
52
First 7 presidents
1. George Washington
2. John Adams
3. Thomas Jefferson
4. James Madison
5. James Monroe
6. John Quincy Adams
7. Andrew Jackson
53
Whiskey Rebellion
- protesters angry about tax on whiskey
- burn down federal home of inspector
- violent protests
- shutdown by Washington
54
Gabriels Rebellion
- Gabriel, a slave at the time, planned to revolt and take over capital
- rebellion shut down and more Black codes were enforced
55
Peaceful exchange of power
- each transition between the presidents was peaceful due to the constitution
- presidents served 2 terms
- new president voted on by the citizens
56
naturalization
process for people to get US citizenship
57
Alien and Sedition acts
- Alien Act: authorized president to deport anyone
| - Sedition act: ???
58
Election of 1800
- Jefferson becomes president after tie in electoral college votes
- 12th amendment ratified 3 years later, said the president and vice president get voted for separately
59
Louisiana Purchase
- 1803
- double US territory size
- LOOK AT MAP
60
war of 1812
- between US and Great Britain
- US unprepared
- Treaty of Ghent ended war in 1815
- clear constitution: declaring war
61
Missouri compromise
- proposed by Henry Clay
- Missouri com in as slave state and Maine come in as free state
-
62
cotton gin
- invented by Eli Whitney in 1794
- machine that increased production of cotton
- increased importation of slaves to work the machines
63
cotton belt
area of land in the Louisiana Purchase that is rich with cotton
64
Stephen Austin
- member of territorial legislature
| - made first legal settlement in Texas in 1822 with slaves
65
Indian Removal Acts
- after war of 1812, Indians agreed with US to move west and sell their lands
66
Trail of tears
- then Andrew Jackson becomes president
| - removes Indians with force
67
Era of Good Feelings
- 1816-1823
- James Monroe president
- US borders expanded and borders addressed
68
James Monroe
president during era of good feelings
69
Rush Bagot Agreement
Both US and British Canada agreed to demilitarize or remove their military and vessels from the Great Lakes
70
Convention of 1818
1. British agreed to honor american fishing rights in Atlantic
2. Occupy Oregon territory jointly with US
3. formalized border between US and Canada at 49th parallel line
71
Adams-Onis Treaty
- Spain gives up Florida to US
- 5 million dollars
- US was going to take it if Spain didn't give it up
72
Missouri Compromise
- Missouri join as slave state and Maine join as free state
- 36 30 line, any land north will be free and any land south will be slave
- proposed by Henry Clay
73
Henry Clay
created Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850
74
Election of 1824 and corrupt bargain
- Jackson gets more votes then Adams but not Majority so vote went to the house
- Clay endorses Adams and Adams wins, then Adams chooses Clay as Secretary of State
- Jackson said the election was corrupt
75
Andrew Jackson and the Dem party
- Jackson becomes president in 1828 after Adams
| -
76
Cherokee vs Georgia
- Cherokee people didn't want to leave land
- people bribed into signing treaty
- Treaty of New Echota, Cherokee people legally forced to move west and leave land
77
Five civilized Indian tribes
Cherokee, Chocktaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole
78
Chief Osceola
- Chief of Seminole people
- refused to leave his land, resisted military
- started 10 year guerilla uprising in swamps of florida
-
79
John Ross
- led Cherokee
| - led to treaty of New Echota in 1835
80
John Calhoun
- VP to Jackson
- man behind idea that SC should use the idea nullification to refuse new tariff taxes
- nullification crisis
81
Turners Rebellion
- Led by Nat Turner
- 1831, VA
- Turner led 70 slaves over 4 days and killed about 40 white slave owners and family members
- finally captured and executed
- led to more stringent black codes
82
Manifest Destiny
- movement westward to the Pacific
| - MUST BE GODS PLAN FOR THE US
83
Passive Resistance vs active resistance
passive: breaking tools, tools go missing, faking illness, etc.
active: rebellion, running away
84
Annexation of Texas
- Texas leaves Mexico and becomes own country in 1836
| - Texas becomes state of US in 1845
85
Lone Star Republic
1836 when Texas left Mexico and became its own country
86
Sam Houston
President of Texas who invited the US to annex Texas and make it a state in 1838
87
54 40 04 fight
- campaign slogan of James k. Polk
| - British minister extends 49th parallel line through Oregon to split territory instead
88
James K. Polk
- elected as "Dark horse democrat"
| - "54 40 or fight"
89
John Slidell
sent to southwest to buy land from mexico by Polk
90
Zachary Taylor
enters disputed territory and starts mexican-american war
91
Nueces River
US gain all territory between Nueces River and Rio Grande after mexican american war
92
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- signed on Feb. 2 1848
- ended Mexican- American war
- US gained territory between Rio Grande and Nueces River and between there and Pacific
93
Compromise of 1850
- Henry Clay creates an Omnibus Bill
- California comes in as free state
- rest of new territory left for popular sovereignty
- stronger fugitive slave law
- end slave trade in D.C.
94
Popular Sovereignty
people living in land decide on slavery or not
95
Uncle Toms Cabin
book by Harriet Beacher Stowe
96
Harriet Beecher Stowe
wrote the book Uncle Toms Cabin
97
Gadsdsen Purchase
- december 30, 1853,
- finalized southwestern border for US
- allowed for transcontinental railroad to extend from southeast to california
98
Kansas Nebraska act
- passed in 1843 which split upIndian territory
- Territory would be popular sovereignty
- Stephen Douglas wanted northern transcontinental railroad
-
99
bleeding kansas (ID)
- Pro slavery and anti slavery people moved to Kansas to be able to vote on popular sovereignty between 1854 and 1861
- 2 sides clashed and fought
- tensions increased between north and south
100
Dred Scott
- slave that was being brought to areas where slavery was illegal and then being brought back
- started the Dred Scott case when he was fighting to be a free man since he went to places where slavery was illegal
101
Chief Justice Taney
- voted Dred Scott as free man
| - said slavery can basically go anywhere now
102
Harpers Ferry
US arsenal that John Brown tried to seize in order to start civil war
103
John Brown
- abolitionists leader
| - attempted to seize US arsenal and start Civil War
104
Election of 1860 (ID)
- Lincoln: slavery should nor be extended
- Breckinridge: yes to slavery
- Bell: didn't talk about slavery
- Douglas: popular sovereignty
Lincoln wins, soon after the south succeeds
105
First wave of sucession
- South Carolina secedes dec. 20 1860
| - followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, and Louisiana
106
Fort Sumpter (ID)
- on island in Charleston Harbor surrounded by confederate states
- under command of Robert Anderson
- confederate commander saysAnderson needs to surrender
- Lincoln chooses to resupply the fort
- Anderson scared, open fires on April 11, 1861
- War has begun
107
Second Wave of Sucession
- Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennesee
108
Border States
- Maryland: suspended habeas corpes
- Deleware: shhhhhh
- Kentucky: governor said they were neutral state
- Missouri: Governor not able to succeed
109
strengths of north and south
north:
- twice as many people
- twice as many miles of railroads
- way better manufacturing of products
south:
- qualified and gifted officers
- fighting on home turf
- very positive
110
first battle of bull run
- fought on Bull Run creek in Virginia in 1861
- Northeners poorly trained
- north ended up retreating on July 21
111
the western campaign and Vicksburg
- Vicksburg: city on mississippi river, falls to union forces , giving the union control of the entire river
112
Lee and Virginia
- Virginia had strong gov
- key land in war
- union forces beaten by Lee at every turn
113
Antietam (ID)
who: Lee vs McClean
Where: Sharpesburg MD
What: battle
When: sept 17, 1862
Why: Lee was trying to invade north in order to get fighting out of VA and get supplies
HS: Bloodiest single day battle, north wins, led to emancipation proclamation
114
Emancipation Proclamation (ID)
- after the union defeated Lee's army at Antietam, Lincoln issued document that freed 0 people, but changed the frame of the war. This move kept Britain out of the war because they were against slavery. This also game the northerners more urge to fight and beat the south. since the south couldn't get British supplies, it shortened the war
115
Gettysburg, Meade, and Lee
- July 1,2,3 1863
- Lee proposed another invasion on north
- Lee thought union forces under General Meade were weaker then before
- Day 1: Meade sets up defensive group on cemetery ridge
- Day 2: confederates attack both sides of ridge, both attacks fail
- Day 3: Lee orders all out attack through middle of ridge, fails and retreats back to Virginia
116
Grant and Shermans March to the Sea (ID)
grant orders sherman to do as much damage to the other side as possible
March to the Sea:
- 1864
- Grant left to prepatre an attack on Lee in VA, and Sherman led a march in Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah, where he instructed union soldiers to burn everything in their path. led to Lees surrender
117
Surrender at Appomattox (ID)
- April 1865
- Lee and Grant meet at the Appomattox courthouse in Virginia
- after negotiations, Lee surrenders army to Grant because they were low on ammo and food
- this signed the end of the civil war
